A dairymaid consulted Edward Jenner in 1796 about a rash on her hand He diagnosed. Sarah confirmed that one of her cows, a cow, had recently had cowpox. Edward Jenner realised that this was his opportunity to test the protective properties of cowpox by giving it to someone who had not yet suffered smallpox in their life.…
In two paragraphs or more, describe how smallpox still threatens Earth 's human population. (Answer in 2 paragraphs or more.)…
At the time, weapons for smallpox were being manufactured by two older methods at a top-secret virus-munitions production plant near the city of Sergiyev Posad, forty-five miles northeast of Moscow. At another virus-munitions plant, near Pokrov, about two hundred miles southeast of Moscow, military virus-production specialists converted the plant to the new Vector method of making smallpox in the large virus bioreactors, but they never started the reaction. If one considers that a single person is infected with smallpox it would be considered a global medical emergency.…
Section 3, “To Bhola Island”, describes the variety and evolution of poxviruses and the history of smallpox in particular. The story of the SEP (Smallpox Eradication Program, referred to throughout as “the Eradication”), led by DA Henderson and others is…
The Great Smallpox Epidemic of 1775-1782 affected many people. When a person caught smallpox they could already assume their lives were at ends. Smallpox came unexpectedly without a known cure. Throughout the book ,”Pox Americana”, by Elizabeth A. Fenn, she has a different story for each one of her chapters. Every story shares life experiences of different men that experience the same disease, variola or smallpox, in their lifetime. Elizabeth Fenn states, “Variola [small pox] was a virus of empire. It made winners and losers, at once serving the conquerors and determining whom they would be (Fenn, 275)”. Within this message she is saying that the deadly disease of smallpox hurt some more than others and due to death some people conquered while others perished. Elizabeth Fenn not only spoke of the disease itself but spoke primarily about what this disease did to shape historical events.…
In the midst of the 1853 yellow fever epidemic, physician Samuel A. Cartwright published “Prevention of Yellow Fever” in the New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal. After introducing the predominant theories of disease transmission, contagionism and non-contagionism, Cartwright characterizes these ideologies as groundless “relics of medieval science … not derived from nature or the observation of facts” (292). Cartwright notes that the contagionists’ emphasis on strict quarantines had historically stifled trade and caused inflation, predisposing the weakened populace to illness. Conversely, the noncontagionists’ admittance of all ill immigrants into the community, negated the benefits of their advocation for sanitary measures (Cartwright…
Smallpox is an extremely deadly disease which, in one point in time, was the most feared disease on the planet. In the book Pox Americana, Elizabeth A. Fenn writes about the encounter with the deadly disease in the 1770's to the 1780's. Her book was first published in 2001 in New York City, where she originally wrote it. Her book contains just under 400 words that explain the disease, some of the first encounters with it, who and where it affected people, and how they got the epidemic under control. Pox Americana is a very informative book that teaches the reader various things.…
Smallpox emerged around 200 years after the Black Death, during the mid-14th century, and quickly became one of the biggest killers in the expanding world. (Dobson,p.130) Smallpox changed the beauty standards in Europe through the use of makeup, fashion, and accessories. This disease struck in all social classes of society and was not dependent on status, wealth, sanitary conditions, or hygiene. Because of that, smallpox was sometimes referred to as the “democratic” disease (Skold,p.145) People believe that the Inca and Aztec empire likely collapsed because of smallpox. Hernan Cortes and his 300 men attacked the Aztec capital a force of 300,00 and captured the city within the span of three months. (Altman. p.42) This likely occurred because the Spaniards have had years of exposure to smallpox due to Columbus crossing the Atlantic from Europe to Africa and carrying the disease. (Dobson,p.130) On the other hand, the Aztecs and Incas were not immune to the ravages of the disease and quickly became weak which led to the collapse of the civilizations. (Altman, p.42)…
The Europeans transferred smallpox to the Natives when trading goods. Due to this some Natives tried their best to stay away from the explorers. Smallpox victims had little chance of survival. The way the Natives tried to cure the illness, actually made it worse. They would give the ill, sweat baths. The most known epidemic was in 1519, and it reduced the Huron tribe's population by 9000.…
“He [Edward Jenner] was bled until pale, then purged and fasted repeatedly, until he wasted to a skeleton. He was denied solid food in favor of a vegetable drink that was supposed to sweeten the blood” (Kerns). Jenner’s miserable variolation experience made him realize how important it was to find a new way to prevent smallpox and helped him understand how his adversary worked. As a teenager, a milkmaid had told him, “Now I'll never take the Small pox, for I have had the Cow pox’’ (Unknown). Later in his life, it inspired the approach he took to eliminating smallpox.…
Smallpox like many of the other diseases in the Victorian era was very much deadly.…
Between April and December of 1721, over six thousand colonists in Boston contracted a world-wide feared viral infection known as smallpox. After the occurrence of over nine hundred deaths in Boston alone, the infestation of this disease in the colony became known as the Smallpox Epidemic. During the epidemic, it became widely acknowledged that survivors of smallpox were immune to later occurrences of the disease. This led to the consideration of the medical practice of inoculation—the deliberate introduction of the living smallpox virus to cause a mild case of the disease that would provide immunity. In contrast to the claims of its creators, inoculation was not always successful and did result in a small number of deaths in patients, but…
Once the child recovered from the cowpox disease, Jenner then tried to infect the child with smallpox, but the young man proved to be immune. “It seemed that this attempt at vaccination had worked. But Jenner had to work on for two more years before his discovery was considered sufficiently tested by the medical profession to permit widespread introduction” (Alexander, 2003). Beginning in 1831 and culminating in 1835, due to increasing vaccination, smallpox deaths were down to one in a thousand. In 1853, it was deemed obligatory for all children born after the first of August to receive routine immunizations. By 1898, one hundred years after Edward Jenner’s unveiling of the vaccine, smallpox in London had fallen dramatically – to one in every 100,000 (less than 50 people per…
Diseases have been on the planet as long as people can remember. The Chinese used inoculation techniques as early as 1000 A.D. for smallpox (“Vaccines ProCon.org” 4). Though the Chinese were the first to come upon a form of vaccines, there were other countries who had their own forms of vaccines. Other inoculation…
According to Hinduism Varuna is one of the supreme deities of the cosmos from the Vedic times and considered responsible for bringing rain, for movement of sun in the sky. Lord Varuna is called as omnipotent and omniscient. He is lord of all water bodies and one of the most prominent deva in Rigveda. In Hindu mythology, Varuna continued to be considered the god of all forms of the water element, particularly the oceans.…