Viking is a term used by modern scholars to refer to the Nordic-speaking peoples from southern Scandinavia who raided Europe and the British Isles roughly between A.D. 793-1066. There never really was a single "Viking" culture; only a loose assortment of shared ideas, economies, religious beliefs, and especially a common Germanic language known today as Old Norse. In that sense Viking culture was simply only one stage in the development of modern Scandinavian culture.
Vikings were far more than the warriors of popular stereotype; they were also skilled craftsman, innovative farmers, poets, politicians, and loyal family members who were proud and conscious of their social status. Their activities stimulated political changes in Europe and Russia; created lasting new societies in Iceland and Greenland; and led to the discovery of North America 500 years before Columbus.
During the Viking Age, from A.D. 750-1050, Viking influence covered a huge expanse, reaching from the Caspian Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the south, throughout Northern Europe, across the Atlantic, and touched the homelands of diverse native groups in Eastern North America.
One of the most extensive sources of information about the Vikings comes from archeology. The earliest archeological