1. The problem of the text: to set an important (serious, burning, urgent, vital) problem, to solve the problem of, it seems to be a great problem (of ...), to render the idea of social injustice, inequality, pollution, humanity, charity, the state independence, unemployment, discrimination, to tackle the problem of
1. The point of the story: to make the point plain, to show how vital the point of the text is, to expound the point by repeating the same idea (revealing the idea in relation to ..), to make his point understandable for the reader
2. The purpose of the text: to convey to (to reproduce in) the reader the authors thoughts and feelings (informational function), to make the reader to visualize and feel what he wants him to visualize and feel (the emotional and expressive function), to draw the readers’ attention to what the author finds important and wants to bring to his notice (the expressive function), to appeal to the reader, distinguish several functions (aims), to win the reader (listener) over to the author’s (listener’s) side, to emphasize the contrasting contradictory ideas, to arrange the ideas according to the degree of their importance or emphasis, to express the author’s individual attitude toward what he describes, to give the personal appraisal of ..., to secure the desired effect, to express our perception of the likeness (contrast, similarity) of two objects or ideas, its sole purpose is to entertain and divert the reader, to keep the reader in a state of expectations, to accentuate the connection between the two parts the antecedent extract introduces, the dramatic meat of the text is not in its narrative (plot) but in the revelation of the ..., the text (logically) falls into 2 parts entitled ..., the direct address to the reader is of great importance, the blending of description and narration is skillfully used ... to , to create an atmosphere