Merger is defined as combination of two or more companies into a single company where one survives and the others lose their corporate existence. The survivor acquires all the assets as well as liabilities of the merged company or companies. Generally, the surviving company is the buyer, which retains its identity, and the extinguished company is the seller.
Acquisition in general sense is acquiring the ownership in the property. In the context of business combinations, an acquisition is the purchase by one company of a controlling interest in the share capital of another existing company.
Purpose of Mergers & Acquisitions
(1) Procurement of supplies:
1. To safeguard the source of supplies of raw materials or intermediary product; 2. To obtain economies of purchase in the form of discount, savings in transportation costs, overhead costs in buying department, etc. 3. To share the benefits of suppliers economies by standardizing the materials.
(2) Revamping production facilities:
1. To achieve economies of scale by amalgamating production facilities through more intensive utilization of plant and resources; 2. To standardize product specifications, improvement of quality of product, expanding
3. Market and aiming at consumers satisfaction through strengthening after sale Services; (3) Market expansion and strategy:
1. To eliminate competition and protect existing market; 2. To obtain a new market outlets in possession of the offeree;
3. To obtain new product for diversification or substitution of existing products and to enhance the product range;
(4) Financial strength:
1. To improve liquidity and have direct access to cash resource; 2. To dispose of surplus and outdated assets for cash out of combined enterprise;
3. To enhance gearing capacity, borrow on better strength and the greater assets backing; (5) General gains:
1. To improve its own image and attract superior managerial talents to manage its affairs;
2.