Shield volcanoes form like any volcanoes. They’re spots on the Earth where magma from inside the Earth has reached the surface, and becomes lava, ash and volcanic gasses. Over the course of many eruptions, a volcano builds up layer by layer until the magma chamber underneath it goes empty.…
An effusive eruption occurs when the magma feeding the volcano is hot and mafic causing it to have low viscosity. An explosive eruption occurs when pressure builds in a volcano. It may be a small explosion like a basaltic eruption where the gas builds up and suddenly escapes or it can be a large explosion which can be triggered by many things, such as cracks in the flank of an island volcano where water enters the magma chamber and turns to steam, or if a very viscous magma plugs the vent and the pressure increases so much it cracks parts of the volcano and…
Volcanic eruptions happen all across the surface of the globe, many argue that if controlled and monitored they would have little effect on the population. However others argue that some volcanic events are too powerful or unpredictable to control.…
The Hawaiian island chain located in the Pacific Ocean is entirely volcanic in nature. Based on plate tectonic theory, the majority of volcanoes occur along the margins of plate boundaries. However Hawaii is situated hundreds of miles away from any plate boundary. Your task is to find out why volcanoes have emerged.…
Volcanic eruptions can cause damage within hundreds of miles away. The volcano ash's causes airplane engines to fail, destroys crops, contaminates water, and damages electronics and machinery. When the ash touch's the ground, burying everything, sometimes even make's buildings to collapse. Mount St. Helen's produced more than 490 tons of ash that fell over some many miles. All volcanos are dangerous. They are all scattered all over the world and we don't know when they are going to blow. The three volcanos I picked were pretty interesting. The Pavlof is the most active and one of the most active in North America. The Cero Negro is not as big as the other to volcano's I picked. The Tungurahua is a very large and pretty cool looking volcano.…
A hazard can be defined as a situation that poses a threat to life, health, property or the environment. The severity and type of volcanic hazards that occur are mainly dependent on the type of magma. Volcanic processes can be split into two categories – primary hazards and secondary hazards. The primary hazards that can occur are pyroclastic flows, lava flows, tephra and poisonous gases. The secondary hazards include Lahars, volcanic landslides, tsunamis flooding and volcanic storms. The overall impact of volcanoes as a natural hazard varies greatly from one time and place to another. This is because it depends on the volcanic event, the population density of the surrounding area, the wealth of the area, the weather at the time and sometimes the culture of the inhabitants of the area. Vulcanicity is normally associated with plate tectonic processes and occurs along constructive plate margins, destructive plate margins or above hotspots.…
A volcano is an earth hazard that occurs on faults between tectonic plates on a destructive boundary and an eruption is a natural disaster. A primary impact happens immediately after the disaster and before any response like death or collapsing or destruction of buildings. A secondary impact occurs later after the disaster, such less farm produce or a reduction in tourism. The severity of these impacts will differ considerably in a MEDC and LEDC where volcanic eruptions have taken place. These may be seen in the Mount St. Helen volcano eruption as well as in the Iceland volcanic eruption. They may also show that the impacts vary from volcano to volcano, place to place.…
Consultation- this is your first stage where you have to get different opinions from other people about what they think about the law that you want to introduce. You can do this by creating a survey, questionnaire, asking people face to face etc. If you get you get positive or negative feedback then you can go through to the next stage which is the green paper.…
Events that cause death, injury and damage to property and infrastructure are known as natural hazards. Volcanic eruptions can swiftly become natural hazards which can quickly lead to major loss of life and widespread damage.…
One factor that heavily influences how hazardous a volcano is, is the plate boundary that it lies on. Subductive plate boundaries tend to produce much more violent eruptions than conservative or constructive margins. Subductive boundaries occur where two plates (one continental and one oceanic) are moving toward each other. The denser plate, the oceanic, is forced underneath the continental. As it subducts into the asthenosphere, it begins to turn back into magma. This magma is light and less dense than the asthenosphere, so it rises and forces its way through weaknesses in the crust. This is how volcanoes are formed on subductive margins. An example, is the Aleutian Islands which are a chain of volcanoes formed by the subduction of the pacific oceanic plate underneath the Eurasian/north American (?) plate.…
Volcanoes are formed on land near coastal areas when a continental plate and an oceanic plate converge. The oceanic plate submerges, due to its higher density, and is pushed deeper and deeper beneath the surface. The high temperature and pressures below melt the rock which creates hot, buoyant magma. Ultimately this magma rises towards the surface and accumulates in a reservoir, known as the magma chamber. The eruption occurs when the pressure within in the chamber surpasses the pressure of the upper rock, magma forces its way through the cracks in Earth’s crust. Magma that is low in gas and silicon dioxide produces thin quickly spreading lava which has a low viscosity, while a magma that is heavily composed of gas and silicon dioxide will yield a thick, viscose magma. The thicker magma builds up and because of this pressure, will cause a large…
Firstly, one place where tectonic activity occurs is at oceanic to oceanic constructive plate boundaries. Here two plates diverge or move away from each other, pushed apart by huge convection currents In the earth’s mantle. These convection currents are initiated by heat energy produced from radioactive decay in the earth’s core. As the convection currents move the plates away from each other, there is a weaker zone in the crust and an increase in heat near the surface. The hotter, expanded crust forms a ridge. Magma rises up from the mantle in the gap. The lava cools, solidifies and forms a chain of volcanic mountains thousands of miles long down the middle of the ocean eg. Atlantic. There are transform faults at right angles to the ridge. The movement of these faults causes rift valleys to occur. Examples of these landforms created by constructive plate margins are the Mid Atlantic Ridge (MIR) , and the Great African rift valley (GARV). The MIR is the result of the North American plate and Eurasian plate diverging in the middle of the Atlantic ocean. Here, volcanic islands such as Iceland, the Canary islands and ascension island have been created by the rising magma from the mantle. The GARV is an example of where the crust has dropped down between parallel faults to form rift valleys. As the crust subducts into the mantle it melts causing igneous activity below, magma to rise and therefore volcanoes erupt on the surface as a result. Evidence of this volcanic activity is shown by Mount Kenya and Mount Kilimanjaro.…
Volcanos are mighty mountains that rise from the ground but these beautiful beast come with a catch. When they “wake up” they can tear a whole island or town to pieces and pieces. Most volcanoes cause tons of destruction including flames and lava when awakened this roaring beast isn’t so peaceful.…
Viewing an erupting volcano is a memorable experience; one that has inspired fear, superstition, worship, curiosity, and fascination throughout the history of mankind. The active Hawaiian volcanoes have received special attention worldwide because of their frequent spectacular eruptions, which can be viewed and studied with a relative ease and safety. The island of Hawaii is composed of five volcanoes, three of which have been active within the past two hundred years. Kilauea's latest eruption still continues as of today. Mauna Loa's latest activity was in 1984 and Hualalai's in 1800-1801, but is likely to erupt again within the next one hundred years. East Maui, or Haleakala, one of the oldest volcanoes, has a long eruptive history and recent activity indicates that the volcano will erupt in the near future. Last but not least, the Loihi Seamount, sometimes known as the "youngest volcano" is an undersea mountain this is still active. Scientists now believe that the hot spots lie in the ocean, deep beneath the volcanoes. These hot spots spew out of molten rock that rises to the water's surface and hardens. After doing this for a long time, the hardened lava forms an island, like the Hawaiian islands (Volcanoes Online).<br><br>The Kilauea volcano is one of the most active volcanoes on earth. It's current eruption started in January 1983, and there is no signs that the current eruption is slowing or will come to an end anytime soon. The U.S. Geological Observatory monitors the daily activities of the volcano, for example-movement of lava flows, earthquakes, surface deformation, and gas production. Kilauea has been monitored ever since, making it one of the better-studied volcanoes. Still there is much we don't understand about the inner workings of this volcano. Unlike most other volcanoes though, Kilauea is approachable. It has been called the "drive up" volcano because of the ease of access to many of its volcanic activity. On February 24, 2000, an article came…
While in class, we have learned many things about the earth and its elements that are within it. One thing about the earth that we have learned about is volcanoes. The text describes a volcano as a hill or a mountain that is constructed by the extrusion of lava or rock fragments from a vent (Plummer, 2007).…