Volvo

Slide 1: Background.
• One of the main causes of the rapid, profound and generalized changes that state has experienced in the last three decades is the closer and organic relationship between scientific development, technological improvements and their application in the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services

Slide 2: Background (contd.)
• In the state’s economy there is a globalization of markets, characterized by an increasing competition which leads to look for new technologies based on scientific knowledge.
• The incorporation of these technologies to the production system allows to reduce costs, improve quality, save energy and scarce raw materials as well as to increase the productivity of the labour force.

Slide 3: Background (contd.)
• Since previous decades the economy has experienced structural changes derived from, inter alia, strong waves of technological innovation as well as organizational and institutional changes.
• The most dynamic sectors of economy are not the traditional ones any more (steel, cement, basic chemistry etc.), but the high-technology ones (knowledge intensive). The current processes of industrial restructuring and of changes in technological patterns revolve around the information industries (microelectronics, IT and telecommunications), and increasingly, biotechnology. (Support with data the growth of IT, Communication, Biotech sector, SEZs like Kanpur, Noida).
Slide 4: Background (contd.)
• Now, it is evident that such features impose the need to formulate Science & Technology Policy (S&T Policy) which will be much more linked to the rest of public policies created in the past.

Slide 5: Why do we require S&T Policy? S&T Indicators
 Requirement??
 MONITORING.
 Basically, funding of science, often in pursuance of other national policy goals such as technological innovation to promote commercial product development, health care and environmental monitoring.
 GOAL: To consider how science and technology can best serve the public.

- How much money should be invested in science and technology? And in what?
- How to know the capacity of response of science and technology vis-à-vis the demand, and how to evaluate its possible contribution to the fulfilment of society’s basic and productive needs ? - What type of indicators should be used regarding scientific and technological activities (STA) in State? - S&T Activities input indicators - S&T Activities output indicators - S&T Activities innovation indicators
- S&T Activities social impact indicators

Slide 6: S&T Indicators (Contd.)
The basic characteristics of traditional approaches are: a- The purpose of simultaneously establishing a system of S&T Indicators. b- In keeping with international standards, a set of statistics and indicators should be set up. c- Methodologies applied internationally (UIS) should be followed. d- Measurable statistics and indicators should refer to: - R&D activities, (Research Activities and projects in agri, medi, edu sectors) - S&T inputs, measured in terms of human and Financial resources, and - Innovation activities. (Upcoming activities)
However, there is an urgent need to increase our body of knowledge concerning activities and processes of scientific and technological development

Slide 7:
The first priority should be the analysis of endogenous scientific research projects and the study of local technological innovation processes and technical capabilities.
The second priority would be the formulation and use of indicators based on tangible interrelationships and products.

Slide 8:
Some operational strategy issues that could be taken into account:
- There is a need to dynamically interact with diverse social systems of knowledge, production and management.
- The development and use of ‘genuine’ national, relevant, and significant indicators - They should actively participate in and contribute to the discussion, formulation and establishment of international S&T indicators.

Slide 9:
Finally, it is important to bear in mind that what is required is not a complex and elaborate system of S&T , but a compact system that is flexible, and reasonably easy to periodically update (approximately every 2-3 years).
A system that is based on real players, on dynamic institutions, and that efficiently uses the growing opportunities offered by databases and information networks.
Slide 10: Setting Priorities for S&T policy
1. Science and Technology Statistics and Indicators for policy, decision-making and resource allocation, explicitly including R&D, Higher-Education, S&T popularisation activities.
2. National and international high quality data collection, dissemination and access.
3. Technical capacity building, including quality assurance methods.

Slide 11:
4. Analysis and [sub-regional/regional] prospective studies.
5. Identification of areas regarding methodological development.
6. Establishing/strengthening relationships with S&T top decision-making institutions [national councils for S&T (R&D), R&D organisations and university (R&D)]

Slide 12:
7. Strengthening R&D [public and private], S&T specialized regional [and international] databases, directories and web-pages
8. STI Institutional capacity building: developing regional training programmes on S&T indicators. Slide 13: Conclusions
• Establishment of S&T Statistics and Indicators.
• Establishment of National S&T Policy/Strategies.
• After making the policy we must require AN EFFECTIVE & VIABLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.