It is a general term applied retrospectively to the wide rage of experimental and trends in the literature (and other arts) of the early 20th century, including symbolism, futurism, expressionism, imagism, vorticism and surrealism along with the innovations of unaffiliated writers. Modernist literature id characterized chiefly by a rejection of the 19th century traditions and of their consensus between author and reader. In fiction, the accepted continuity of chronological development was upset by Conrad, while Woolf attempted the new ways of tracing the flow of characters’ thoughts in their stream of consciousness style. For example, Woolf’s “Mrs. Dalloway”.
Realism:
It is a mode of writing that gives the impression of recording or reflecting un actual way of life. Realism is characterized by its attempt objectively to offer up a mirror to the world, thus disavowing its own culturally conditioned processes and ideological stylistic assumptions. It also, modeled on prose forms such as history and journalism, generally features characters, language and a spatial and temporal setting very familiar to its contemporary readers and often presents itself as clearly representative of the author's society. Realism itself was once a new, innovative form of writing, with authors such as Daniel Defoe and Samuel Richardson providing a different template for fiction from the previously dominant mode of prose writings. For example, George Eliot’s Middlemarch.
Postmodernism:
Postmodernism is a tendency in contemporary culture characterized by the rejection of objective truth and global cultural narrative. It emphasizes the role of language, power relations, and motivations; in particular it attacks the use of sharp classifications such as male versus female, straight versus gay, white versus black, and imperial versus colonial. Postmodernism has influenced many cultural fields. Postmodernist thought is an intentional departure from modernist