The Lancet iPad app: Articles in a new light. (n.d.). Retrieved October 9, 2014.
The Lancet iPad app: Articles in a new light. (n.d.). Retrieved October 9, 2014.
Entry Ticket As you enter the meeting, please post your answer to this question. NOTE: There is no right or wrong answer!…
Cited: DeStefano, F. and Chen, R.T. "Autism And Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination: Controversy Laid To Rest?." CNS Drugs 15.11 (2001): 831-837. Academic Search Premier. Web. 16 Sept. 2012.…
Quote from The Age of American Unreason, page 219-220: “The first and most fundamental warning sign [of junk thought] is an inability to distinguish between coincidence and causation—a basic requirement for scientific literacy.” “During the past twenty-five years, there appears to have been a significant increase in the incidence of autism in children around the world. Whatever the reason for the rise in reported cases of autism, it has coincided with an increase in the number of recommended child immunizations. Anti-vaccination groups have focused on a relatively new triple vaccine, introduced in 1987, that immunizes children against measles, mumps and rubella.”…
To avoid the harm, the scientists, the media, and the public could have worked together to prove Wakefield wrong. However, in cases like this, it is almost impossible to completely avoid harms because there is a group of researchers and lawyers involved, and it is difficult for media and public to determine which party is right and which one is wrong.…
Uno, Y., Uchiyama, T., Kurosawa, M., Aleksic, B., & Ozaki, N. (2014, September 17). Early exposure to the combined measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and thimerosal-containing vaccines and risk of autism spectrum disorder. Vaccine, 33, 2511-2516. doi:…
“Today one in every 150 children has been diagnosed on the autism spectrum; 20 years ago that statistic was one in 10,000” (Mooney, 2009, p. 58). There are many vaccines that are administered to children today that protect them from measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox, tetanus, invasive Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib) infections, etc. (Miller & Reynolds, 2009, p. 167). Among these and many other diseases children are currently being vaccinated against 14 diseases, and these take place from infancy until the start of kindergarten. These childhood vaccinations are given as early as they can be to make sure the children are protected against any diseases that can occur in their early childhood (Miller & Reynolds, 2009, p. 167). Many parents have begun to question the need for these vaccines, and if these vaccines are possibly leading to their children developing a form of autism. The health providers that administer the vaccinations are required to provide documentation of all the parts of the vaccination. This includes the lot number, product, site of administration, and method. If something would happen to go wrong with the vaccinations, and the parents would need to contact the administrator, they could then track the vaccination if there could be a possible recall on that particular vaccine (Miller & Reynolds, 2009, p. 167). According to Miller & Reynolds, “In 1986, The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act was passed to provide compensation for those found to be harmed by specific vaccines. This Act also requires healthcare providers to report any serious adverse events within 30 days of administration” (Miller & Reynolds, 2009, p. 167). The on-going mystery right now is whether or not these various vaccines lead to autism.…
The CDC reports that all vaccines pose a life threatening risk of allergic reaction, anaphylaxis. Vaccines also may produce other side effects. Typical side effects are of minor nature including: a rash or swelling at site of infection, itching, a mild fever, headache, dizziness, nausea, and muscle or joint pain. However, encountering any reaction is a one in one million chance. In addition, some anti-vaccine advocates believe vaccines have a direct link to debilitating illnesses. Asthma, autism, SIDS, multiple sclerosis, arthritis, and more are feasible illnesses attributed to vaccine side effects. The greatest and most pressing concern for vaccines is the possible link to autism. In 1998, Andrew Wakefield and colleagues published a case series in the Lancet, concerning children who had behavioral and personality changes after receiving vaccinations. The series received wide-spread publicity and caused vaccination rates to decrease. Twelve years, after publishing the article was retracted as the findings found were proved inconclusive and highly selective (Eggertson E199-E200). Numerous studies resulted in insufficient evidence to know whether vaccines are the root of health conditions (“Vaccine Myths…
Largent addresses how the amount of trust the public places on researchers and program runners in the vaccine industry determines the success of immunizing children (136). Largent comments on the previously mentioned Jenny McCarthy, famous for her time as a comedian and model, whose advocacy of the anti-vaccination movement has “Solidified her position in the community of parents of autistic children, and further publicized her assertion that vaccines are one of the principal causes of autism,” (145). Although she is not medically qualified to speak on the topic, she is trusted and influential enough to spread the fear of vaccinations to parents all over America. Furthermore McCarthy, just as countless other authoritative figures in the media, blatantly disregarding the reliable scientific data proving her assertions incorrect (147). Adam Burgess compares the concept of McCarthyism, action of accusing someone or something without any evidence, to the behavior of figures in media such as Jenny McCarthy, as an “alarmist authority encouraging mass anxiety,” (334). Celebrities' influence dominates discourse online as well. While the internet's ability to spread information faster than anything else has always worried scientists, several analyzes show that despite the abundance of…
Vaccines are responsible for minimizing the risk of many deadly diseases and even eradicating some completely. People today are privileged enough to live during a time where the fear of dying from a disease like measles or smallpox is negligible. Even so vaccines are not without dissenters. There is a segment of humanity that believes there is a credible association between vaccines and rising autism rates. The following articles will show that there are varying ideas on the best way to disprove vaccination opponents, yet no solid solution has been reached on how to convince vaccination opponents that their fears are unfounded.…
Andrew Wakefield, a Canadian surgeon, conducted a study in 1998 where 8 of 12 participants experienced ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) symptoms after receiving the MMR (measles/mumps/rubella) vaccine (Kerr 50). This study was proven faulty and this relation has since been disproved. In December 2010, however, a survey was initiated by VaccineInjury.info. Out of 7850 people, vaccinated people had symptoms of Asthma, ADHD, Allergies, and…
In the journal article, Vaccinations and Autism: A Tale of Shifting Hypotheses, the authors Jeffery S. Gerber and Paul A. Offit start by stating three proposed hypotheses for reasons behind why vaccinations might cause autism.…
Those same individuals also believe the rate of Autism cases has risen since the vaccination of children has become more of a common thing to do in todays’ society. What these people fail to realize is even though the number of vaccinations from late 1990 to 2012 has increased, the amount of antigens in the vaccines has decreased in a great amount. Frank Destefano who is the director of the Immunization Safety Office of the CDC explained in an article “that the dramatic reduction occurred because vaccines have become more precise in the way they stimulate the immune system”.…
the argument that vaccinations cause autism is one of ignorance. It was said that the ingredient thimerosal was the link to autism. Studies show that even after thimerosal was removed in 1992 autism continued to increase. This shows that thimerosal has no causation or correlation with autism. The rise in autism correlates directly with the fact that autism is being more easily identified and has a wider…
None of these influences appears to “cause” or “prevent” autism by themselves. Rather they appear to influence risk in those genetically predisposed to the disorder. (“Environmental Factors in Autism Initiative”). There has been much discussion about the initial suggestion that MMR (measles mumps, rubella) vaccine. However there is now a scientific consensus that the evidence favors rejection of a causal relationship between thimerosal-containing vaccines and autism, based on multiple epidemiologic studies which did not support a link between thimerosal-containing vaccines and ASD. However, other environmental factors are likely to contribute to a significant proportion of ASD risk. A recent meta-analysis of prenatal factors, limited to pregnancy-related factors, identified few significant risk factors. The main factors are maternal gestational diabetes, maternal bleeding during pregnancy, and maternal medication (Chaste, Pauline, and Marion…
Dr. Andrew Wakefield conducted an experiment in regards to vaccinations. His experiment had caused him his license and he was convicted for the misleading of people to believe that vaccinations were harmful and caused autism. “The fact that so many individuals were at risk for the disease because of their lack of vaccination is a significant threat to public health in the United States. This trend originated from parents fearing that the vaccine could cause autism. In 1998, British researcher Andrew Wakefield suggested in a published report that the MMR vaccine triggered autism. This study was determined to be fraudulent in 2011, and the article was retracted by the journal. However, its influence remains strong despite widespread press coverage and discussion. Many parents of autistic children still believe that autism is directly linked to vaccines and their preservatives, including the mercury-based thimerosal that was the original topic of the study by Wakefield. Thimerosal was removed from vaccines following the study in 1998 to try to reassure parents that the vaccines were safe. Despite this removal and the debunking of the study by Wakefield, many parents continue to fear that vaccination could cause autism in their children. (Pierce)”. “The article discusses an outbreak of measles in southwest Wales that some connect to claims made by Dr. Andrew Wakefield in the late 1990s about an alleged link between autism and immunization for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR). At the time, many parents reacted by refusing to get their children immunized. Between November 2012 and early July 2013, 1219 new cases of measles were reported in southwest Wales. (WHALEN)”. The medical board felt that the experiment made by Dr. Wakefield was not relevant and that he had to be removed for making people believe something that was not true. “The UK researcher who…