Ⅰ. Introduction ‘Walden’ is a novel written by Henry David Thoreau, American famous author in1854. Thoreau is known for transcendentalism, simple living, and his strong political views. Thoreau has made a great contribution to improve people’s perception toward lives especially with the world-famous book Walden, or life in the woods. Written in a clear and direct language, Walden gives the image of the essence of life which can be found in the harmony with the nature. In literature, transcendental writers put a great emphasis on the spiritual essence of the individual along with the self-reliance. In Thoreau’s Warden, Warden Pond was the right place where Thoreau could find the life’s real meaning for himself. Walden details Thoreau's experiences over the course of two years in a cabin he built near Walden Pond. The book ‘Walden’ is composed of 18 chapter. Through Walden, by making food and live in poverty for oneself, despite being uncomfortable Thoreau judge that industrial capitalism and materialism not only make human unhappy but also are cause which destroys nature. In a sense, Thoreau’s life near Walden Pond is not escape from modern civilization but attempt to return original life. Reversion to primitive life doesn’t mean regression of savage life as a negative meaning. Negative perceptions about primitive life have started with regarding civilization as the greatest of virtue. By simple and primitive woods life, Thoreau lived a new life that was not interrupted by old custom. He also, while he lived in woods for two years, he had an opportunity to take time for introspection self-examination.
Thoreau considered that primitive life can be a solution to unchain human in slave of civilization. Thoreau loved simple life, regarded solitude as positive feeling and proved to solve the all problem of his survival and his existence through nature. In Body, I will divide three part which show Thoreau’s life ; simple way of living, solitude, and nature.