Waqf And Poverty Eradication
BOLOGNA UNIVERSITY
MASTER IN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES IN PHILANTHROPY AND SOCIAL
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
ISLAMIC PHILANTHROPY: THE CASE OF WAQF IN POVERTY
ALLEVIATION AND SOCIAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPEMENT
MODULE :
RELIGIONS AND PHILANTHROPY: TRADITIONS, PRACTICES AND
ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONTEXT
PRESENTED TO:
PROFESSOR ERSILIA FRANCESCA
BY:
KEFA CHESIRE CHEPKWONY
APRIL 2008
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction.
1
1.1 Defining Waqf, Its Current Usage And Its Legitimacy
1
1.2 Legal Framework For Waqf
3
2.0 Economic Decline Of Waqf
5
3.0 The Role Of Waqf In History
6
3.1 Contemporary Revival Of The Waqf
7
4.0 Waqf And Poverty Alleviation In The Contemporary World
9
5.0 Making Waqf An Effective Socio-Economic Instrument
11
6.0 Waqf, General Welfare And The Interactive Process
14
8.0. Socio-Economic Effects Of Waqf
17
8.2. Social Effects Of The Waqf System
18
9. Criticism Of Waqf System
19
10. Conclusion
20
References
22
ii
1.0 INTRODUCTION.
The John Gerhart Centre for Philanthropy based at the American University in Cairo in
2006 defined Islamic Philanthropy as an institutionalized pooling and distribution of private resources with the goal of building capacity, sustainable financing and expertise for long term socio-economic benefit. Islamic Philanthropy is linked to the concept of
Islamic solidarity [takaful]. Islamic giving includes but not limited to Zakat, Sadaqa, and waqf. Zakat is the third pillar of Islam and thus is required of all believers. It is seen as a tool for more equitable distribution of wealth, achieving social stability and solidarity, discouraging hoarding and encourage circulation of capital. It is also seen as a way of spiritually cleansing oneself and purity of wealth. It has a special way of calculating and distribution which have evolved differently in various environments and economies.
Sadaqa which can also be translated to mean benevolence is voluntary giving of alms of all types and forms.
It can be performed through
MASTER IN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES IN PHILANTHROPY AND SOCIAL
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
ISLAMIC PHILANTHROPY: THE CASE OF WAQF IN POVERTY
ALLEVIATION AND SOCIAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPEMENT
MODULE :
RELIGIONS AND PHILANTHROPY: TRADITIONS, PRACTICES AND
ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONTEXT
PRESENTED TO:
PROFESSOR ERSILIA FRANCESCA
BY:
KEFA CHESIRE CHEPKWONY
APRIL 2008
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction.
1
1.1 Defining Waqf, Its Current Usage And Its Legitimacy
1
1.2 Legal Framework For Waqf
3
2.0 Economic Decline Of Waqf
5
3.0 The Role Of Waqf In History
6
3.1 Contemporary Revival Of The Waqf
7
4.0 Waqf And Poverty Alleviation In The Contemporary World
9
5.0 Making Waqf An Effective Socio-Economic Instrument
11
6.0 Waqf, General Welfare And The Interactive Process
14
8.0. Socio-Economic Effects Of Waqf
17
8.2. Social Effects Of The Waqf System
18
9. Criticism Of Waqf System
19
10. Conclusion
20
References
22
ii
1.0 INTRODUCTION.
The John Gerhart Centre for Philanthropy based at the American University in Cairo in
2006 defined Islamic Philanthropy as an institutionalized pooling and distribution of private resources with the goal of building capacity, sustainable financing and expertise for long term socio-economic benefit. Islamic Philanthropy is linked to the concept of
Islamic solidarity [takaful]. Islamic giving includes but not limited to Zakat, Sadaqa, and waqf. Zakat is the third pillar of Islam and thus is required of all believers. It is seen as a tool for more equitable distribution of wealth, achieving social stability and solidarity, discouraging hoarding and encourage circulation of capital. It is also seen as a way of spiritually cleansing oneself and purity of wealth. It has a special way of calculating and distribution which have evolved differently in various environments and economies.
Sadaqa which can also be translated to mean benevolence is voluntary giving of alms of all types and forms.
It can be performed through
References: not directly mention the institution of waqf, its legal parameters have been developed through centuries by jurists (UN Habitat, 2005). (Sadeq, 2002) It is important to note that Waqf is a voluntary charity characterized by perpetuity