Waste Management

| | WasteAnd Waste Management | 01/10/13 | | | | | waste management | | In This Issue |

According to the Basel Convention,
"Wastes are materials that are not prime products (that is products produced for the market) for which the initial user has no further use in terms of his/her own purposes of production, transformation or consumption, and of which he/she wants to dispose. Wastes may be generated during the extraction of raw materials, the processing of raw materials into intermediate and final products, the consumption of final products, and other human activities. Residuals recycled or reused at the place of generation are excluded."
"Waste refers to materials that are not prime products (that is, products produced for the market) for which the generator has no further use in terms of his/her own purposes of production, transformation or consumption, and of which he/she wants to dispose."
“Under the Waste Framework Directive, the European Union defines waste as "an object the holder discards, intends to discard or is required to discard."
Every year we buy new, updated equipment to support our needs -there are upwards of 300 million computers and one billion cell phones produced every year. All of these electronics become obsolete or unwanted, often within 2-3 years of purchase.
What is Waste?
By Shiela Marie Ann Laluna
What is Waste?
By Shiela Marie Ann Laluna

This article is about waste (garbage). Waste(s) (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse, garbage, junk, and litter) is unwanted or useless materials. Litter refers to waste disposed of improperly.

Hazardous Waste
Proper management of hazardous waste and materials has become an intricate and important part of industry today. With the onset of the super-fund initiative, the waste generators have to be more attentive to their long term liabilities.

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Effects of Waste
By Shiela Marie Ann Laluna
Effects of Waste
By Shiela Marie Ann Laluna
No matter which type of waste disposal is being considered, it all leads to one purpose: to remove waste from homes and offices. There are organizations that advocate for each type and even some that advocate for no waste at all. Each type of waste disposal has its own set of positive and negative effects, but, in the end, the biggest effect of waste disposal is that it helps create jobs. Important | Results showed an overall moderate impact on health. The most important heath impacts were due to occupational accidents related to the collection, loading and transport of waste. Waste Assessment Final Report.pdf | The Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) provides the grants as part of its partnership with local solid waste enforcement agencies, or LEAs. The Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) provides the grants as part of its partnership with local solid waste enforcement agencies, or LEAs.
Waste from homes, commerce and industry can be used to produce electricity by burning in modern waste incinerators. This process is not only energy-efficient but also reduces the amount of valuable land needed for refuse disposal. However, there are barriers limiting the widespread use of waste incineration. The most important of these barriers is public concern about the health effects of the pollutants in incinerator emissions.

Causes of Waste
By Shiela Marie Ann Laluna
Causes of Waste
By Shiela Marie Ann Laluna

The virus is usually transmitted through sexual contact or by sharing needles or syringes.
The virus is usually transmitted through sexual contact or by sharing needles or syringes.
The causes of waste management are mainly due to environmental issues. Due to lack of space, increase in hygiene levels, advancement in science and technology, pollution and global warming, people have started waste management to conserve the Earth and make full use of things that are thrown away. And thus, we get many advantages. Firstly, areas are now much cleaner after we have trash bins, garbage dumps, landfills etc. to collect rubbish increasing sanitation levels. We can also be relieved of the stench produced and the diseases that originate from the trash.

Biodegradable
Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable
By Shiela Marie Ann Laluna
Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable
By Shiela Marie Ann Laluna
Biodegradable waste is a type of waste which can be broken down, in a reasonable amount of time, into its base compounds by micro-organisms and other living things, regardless of what those compounds may be.

Non-Biodegradable
Soil is getting polluted by pesticides, factory wastes, the reclamation of poisonous industrial and household wastes, and the careless abandonment of non-biodegradable garbage. Fast Facts |

| |
67%
Was collect on biodegradable waste | |
33%
Was collect on non-biodegradable waste important | Non biodegradable wastes are just biodegradable opposite.Ecology and Bionomics Questions |

Biodegradable implies that the material will be destroyed/dissembled by biological and/or natural elements. Nitric Acid rain manufactured in thunderstorms, Oxygen in the air, ultraviolet light in sunlight, and all kinds of microscopic "critters" in the atmosphere and soil which "chomp"on all kinds of materials [including some petroleum products].
Non-biodegradable implies that the material is totally immune from attack by any biological/natural elements and therefore, will exist forever in essentially the same form for ever. the wastes which cannot be degraded or which cannot be completely destroyed are non biodegradable wastes.
Difference between Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable?
Biodegradable waste is waste that can break down into natural components and be recycled into the life cycle naturally...examples are old vegetables / food, paper, cardboard, deceased animals, and phyto plastics( special plastics that break down when exposed to the sun after some time) etc. While Non biodegradable waste is waste that does not break down into natural components and exists in the environment for a long time. Examples would be tires, plastics, electronic components, metals etc.
How it can be separated?
(1)The garbage/waste generated from various sources and deposited in the receptacles / dustbins, provided under rule 5, shall be got collected and removed, by the local authority, either though its employees or through the private agencies engaged by it for this purpose, to the dumping grounds or suitable disposal sites.

(2)The non-biodegradable garbage/waste (other than the bio-medical/clinical waste, whether comprised of biodegradable or non-biodegradable matter) collected from receptacles / dustbins and carried to dumping grounds or disposal sites under sub-rule 1, shall be further carried to the recycling centers arranged by the local authority through its one officers or through private agencies or the rag-pickers / canaries.

(3) subject to the provision contained in any other Law, for the time being enforced, and terms and conditions which may be imposed by a local authority, the persons responsible for the management of a hospital, dispensary, clinic, laboratory and slaughter house, shall dispose of the bio-medical/clinical waste (including other garbage generated therefrom) by the process of incineration or other non-incineration technology:

Provided that where incineration facilities are not available or economically viable, the local authority, shall in the absence of the agreement to the contrary, arranged for the removal and disposal of the bio-medical / clinical waste by the process of incineration or other non-incineration technology.

(4) Subject to sub-rule 3, the biodegradable waste shall be got disposed of by the local authority, as it may be deem fit, by the process of bio-conservation, dumping or incineration or any other scientific method.

(5) Each site for bio-conversion, dumping and processing of the garbage / waste generated from all sources within the territorial limits of the local authority should be located at such sufficient distance from the residential habitats.
(1) For the purpose of implementation of the provision of these rules, an officer or employee if the local authority or the members of the Garbage Management Committee constituted under rule 4, may, at any reasonable time do any or all the following:-

(i) the extent, if any, to which a garbage may cause, is causing or has caused any adverse affect;

(ii) The cause of any adverse effect that may occur, is occuring or has occured;

(b) enter and inspect any place in which such officer or employee or member, as the case may be, reasonably believes that the waste can be found;

(2) no entry in any private premises under sub-rule (1) shall be made after the sunset and before the sunrise.

Recyclable Waste by Shiela Marie Ann Laluna
Recyclable Waste by Shiela Marie Ann Laluna

Recycling is processing used materials (waste) into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution (from incineration) and water pollution (from landfilling) by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal, and lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared to plastic production. Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the "Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle" waste hierarchy...
Recycling has been a common practice for most of human history, with recorded advocates as far back as Plato in 400 BC. During periods when resources were scarce, archaeological studies of ancient waste dumps show less household waste (such as ash, broken tools and pottery)—implying more waste was being recycled in the absence of new material.
A number of different systems have been implemented to collect recycle from the general waste stream. These systems lie along the spectrum of trade-off between public convenience and government ease and expense. The three main categories of collection are "drop-off centers", "buy-back centers" and "curbside collection".
For a recycling program to work, having a large, stable supply of recyclable material is crucial. Three legislative options have been used to create such a supply: mandatory recycling collection, container deposit legislation, and refuse bans.

Waste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal, managing and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, theenvironment or aesthetics. Waste management is a distinct practice from resource recoverywhich focuses on delaying the rate of consumption of natural resources. All wastes materials, whether they are solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive fall within the remit of waste management.
Disposal of waste in a landfill involves burying the waste, and this remains a common practice in most countries. Landfills were often established in abandoned or unused quarries,mining voids or borrow pits. A properly designed and well-managed landfill can be a hygienic and relatively inexpensive method of disposing of waste materials. Older, poorly designed or poorly managed landfills can create a number of adverse environmental impacts such as wind-blown litter, attraction of vermin, and generation of liquid leachate. Another common product of landfills is gas (mostly composed of methane and carbon dioxide), which is produced as organic waste breaks down anaerobically. This gas can create odor problems, kill surface vegetation, and is a greenhouse gas.
Incineration is a disposal method in which solid organic wastes are subjected to combustion so as to convert them into residue and gaseous products. This method is useful for disposal of residue of both solid waste management and solid residue from waste water management. The management of waste is a key component in a business' ability to maintaining ISO14001 accreditation. Companies are encouraged to improve their environmental efficiencies each year by eliminating waste through resource recovery practices, which are sustainability-related activities. One way to do this is by shifting away from waste management to resource recovery practices like recycling materials such as glass, food scraps, paper and cardboard, plastic bottles and metal.
The energy content of waste products can be harnessed directly by using them as a direct combustion fuel, or indirectly by processing them into another type of fuel. Thermal treatment ranges from using waste as a fuel source for cooking or heating and the use of the gas fuel (see above), to fuel for boilers to generate steam and electricity in a turbine.

Waste Management
By Shiela Marie Ann Laluna
Waste Management
By Shiela Marie Ann Laluna

Around Town |

Waste Management
Waste management in Kathmandu (Nepal)
Waste management practices can differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial producers.

Landfill
Landfill operation in Hawaii.
Design characteristics of a modern landfill include methods to contain leachate such as clay or plastic lining material. Deposited waste is normally compacted to increase its density and stability, and covered to prevent attracting vermin (such as mice or rats).

Inceneration
Spittelau incineration plant in Vienna
Incineration is common in countries such as Japan where land is more scarce, as these facilities generally do not require as much area as landfills.