Waste Management
E-WASTE IN INDIA
RESEARCH UNIT (LARRDIS) RAJYA SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI
JUNE, 2011
CONTENTS Page Nos. Preface Chapter 1— Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 What is e-waste 1.2.1 Composition of e-waste 1.2.2 E-waste generation in India 1.3 Electronic waste in the global context 1.4 Growth of electrical and electronic industry in India 1.4.1 A brief history 1.4.2 Computer & computer components segment 1.4.3 The consumer electronics (television) segment 1.4.4 The telecommunications segment 1.4.5 Changing consumption patterns 1.5 Environment concerns & health hazards 1.5.1 Pollutants in e-waste 1.5.2 Impact of hazardous substances on health & environment 1.5.3 Dealing with e-waste Chapter 2 — Recycling e-waste: a thriving economy of the unorganized sector 2.1. Global trade in hazardous waste 2.1.1 Rising illegal e-waste exports 2.1.2 Main factors in global waste trade economy 2.1.3 Waste trading as a quintessential part of electronic recycling 2.1.4 Free trade agreements as a means of waste trading 2.2 Import of hazardous e-waste in India 2.2.1 India 's stand on liberalizing import Rules 2.2.2 Loopholes in legislations 2.2.3 Porous ports and lack of checking facilities 2.2.4 Procedure of importing e-waste 2.2.5 Illegal waste imports seized in ports (i) (v) 1-26 1 2 3 4 6 10 10 12 14 15 15 19 20 21 24
27 - 51 27 27 29 30 31 32 34 35 36 37 38
2.3 2.4 2.5
Page Nos. E-waste economy in the unorganized sector 39 E-waste economy in the organized sector 41 E-waste projection and recycling in four major cities 44 2.5.1 Delhi 44 2.5.2 Mumbai 47 2.5.3 Bengaluru 48 2.5.4 Hyderabad 50
Chapter 3 — Management of e-waste 53 - 90 3.1 E-waste legislation — an introduction 53 3.2 Regulatory regime for e-waste 56 3.2.1 The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2003 56 3.2.2 The Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008 59 3.2.3 Guidelines for Environmentally Sound Management of E-waste, 2008 61 3.2.4 The Draft E-waste
RESEARCH UNIT (LARRDIS) RAJYA SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI
JUNE, 2011
CONTENTS Page Nos. Preface Chapter 1— Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 What is e-waste 1.2.1 Composition of e-waste 1.2.2 E-waste generation in India 1.3 Electronic waste in the global context 1.4 Growth of electrical and electronic industry in India 1.4.1 A brief history 1.4.2 Computer & computer components segment 1.4.3 The consumer electronics (television) segment 1.4.4 The telecommunications segment 1.4.5 Changing consumption patterns 1.5 Environment concerns & health hazards 1.5.1 Pollutants in e-waste 1.5.2 Impact of hazardous substances on health & environment 1.5.3 Dealing with e-waste Chapter 2 — Recycling e-waste: a thriving economy of the unorganized sector 2.1. Global trade in hazardous waste 2.1.1 Rising illegal e-waste exports 2.1.2 Main factors in global waste trade economy 2.1.3 Waste trading as a quintessential part of electronic recycling 2.1.4 Free trade agreements as a means of waste trading 2.2 Import of hazardous e-waste in India 2.2.1 India 's stand on liberalizing import Rules 2.2.2 Loopholes in legislations 2.2.3 Porous ports and lack of checking facilities 2.2.4 Procedure of importing e-waste 2.2.5 Illegal waste imports seized in ports (i) (v) 1-26 1 2 3 4 6 10 10 12 14 15 15 19 20 21 24
27 - 51 27 27 29 30 31 32 34 35 36 37 38
2.3 2.4 2.5
Page Nos. E-waste economy in the unorganized sector 39 E-waste economy in the organized sector 41 E-waste projection and recycling in four major cities 44 2.5.1 Delhi 44 2.5.2 Mumbai 47 2.5.3 Bengaluru 48 2.5.4 Hyderabad 50
Chapter 3 — Management of e-waste 53 - 90 3.1 E-waste legislation — an introduction 53 3.2 Regulatory regime for e-waste 56 3.2.1 The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2003 56 3.2.2 The Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008 59 3.2.3 Guidelines for Environmentally Sound Management of E-waste, 2008 61 3.2.4 The Draft E-waste
References: 4 5 Amit Jain, 'Global e-waste growth ' in Rakesh Johri, E-waste: Implications, regulations and management in India and current global best practices, TERI, New Delhi, 2008, p.4 "Rules on e-waste management by March", The Hindu, 20 December 2009