Also added was 0.45mL water and 0.165mL acetic anhydride and a magnetic spin vane. An air condenser was attached to the vial and it was heated on an aluminum block, with a temperature maintained at 120C. After the solution dissolved, it was heated an extra 20 minutes to allow the reaction to go to completion then cooled back to room temperature. An ice bath was used to encourage crystal growth. The crystals were removed and centrifuged, then placed on a pre-weighed watch glass to dry and weigh. Percent recovery was found. A small sample was set aside for melting…
It is important to note that one sodium hydride can reduce up to four 9-fluorenones because the are four equivalent hydride ions for every sodium borohydrides. To create the alcohol a dilute sulfuric acid is added to release the final product. It is important to minimize contact of sodium borohydride with air so that the reducing agent is not destroyed. The reaction can be observed as successful as 9-fluorenol is bright yellow, whereas 9-fluorenol is a white color. Approximately 100 mg of crude product is obtained through this experiment. Recrystallization occurs, however there is not one pure solvent that allows for recrystallization of 9-fluorenol. Thus, multiple solvents will be added together, water and methanol, the ratio of water to methanol must be determined for this to occur. Therefore, 1 mL of methanol will be added to the crude product in a test tube that is then taken to a boil in a water bath. Once boiling, water is added dropwise until the solution turns cloudy. The water must be added at the same temperature as methanol. Precipitate should form around the droplet of water added that then dissolves. Once the precipitate stops dissolving. At this point if methanol is added it should dissolve, therefore, this point is the correct ratio of water to methanol. However, in this experiment the reaction is stopped once the solution is cloudy and methanol is not added to make the solution…
During the reflux period, there have not been any signs of errors; the reflux distillation process occurred smoothly. Once reflux distillation was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, then extracted thrice by a separatory funnel. Before any extractions proceeded though, the mixture already had two distinct layers – a top dark brown layer, and a bottom light yellow layer. This mixture was extracted with 9M sulfuric acid, and the aqueous layer, containing butanol, sulfuric acid, and water, was removed and discarded. The organic layer, consisting of the n-butyl bromide, went through a second extraction with water. This resulted in an organic layer of n-butyl bromide and water and an aqueous layer of water and a little amount of alcohol, which was discarded. The organic layer was then dried by extracting it with sodium bicarbonate; this is an extra step for drying the alkyl halide. The resulting organic layer contained the crude n-butyl bromide, and the drying procedure was completed by adding anhydrous calcium chloride until the solution turned clear. The drying agent was used to absorb any excess water and thus, resulted in a clear solution of n-butyl…
The second piece I decided to write a critique on was more of a contemporary ballet work. This piece was called “Water From the Same Source” and it was choreographed by Nicole Hennington. The music for the piece was also actually called “Water From the Same Source” and it was composed by Christian Erik Fredericton, Jason Bingham Noble, and Rachel Blair Grimes. The piece of music was instrumental and the performing artist was Rachel’s. The were four dancers in this piece, two men and two women.…
People who live close to Ballona creek are accusing Industries for the contamination of the water. The thing that they would never think of was that it was the asphalt pit. When there is heavy rain, the asphalt pit would over flow and then it runs down into the sewer system, leaking into the creek and draining into the ocean. The Page Museum and Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County have paid local water controllers $15,000 dollars for discharging contaminated water into the storm drains in 2006. And in 2002, the Page Museum paid $3,000 to a coastal cleaning project to resolve a storm water release violation. This source is credible because it was written by Jasson Song and Tony Barboza. Their arguments are solid and clear. They cover…
To keep it as simple as possible, (K.I.S.S.) this topic involves the study of: 1. POLYMERS FROM PETROCHEMICALS & BIOMASS…
Matt Weiser’s article “Water Controversies Boil Over” from Sacramento Bee’s opinion column explains how the world’s bad management of water has led to scarcity. Weiser claims that human’s careless behavior with water is going to cause a war. He validates his argument with facts from the World WAter Forum, U.N Environment Programme, and International Alert to support his reasoning.…
Proper cleansing is perhaps the key component for acute and chronic wound management. Cleansing methods differ among health care providers and institutions, and many times is based on an individual’s experience and preference. Many cleansing solutions exist today. In this research, the author focused on the use of tap water versus sterile cleansing solutions such as Normal Saline and sterile water. Many cleansing solutions are safe and have been proven to provide effective results, whereas others may damage the tissue, destroy cells, increase infection rates and delay the healing process.…
Add 4-ethylphenol, sodium hydroxide, and a spin vane to 5 ml conical vial and heat…
As population grows, drinking water becomes one of the most valuable resources in the world nowadays. The drinking water even becomes an important public health issue in some developing countries such as China and some African countries. During the entire process of drinking water treatment, the step of sterilization is especially important. The reason is that the raw water contains many kinds of microbes, which may results in spread of infectious diseases. This paper will show some sterilization methods for drinking water treatment and their cons and pros. These methods are chloramine, UV disinfection, solar water disinfection and a combination of simple filtration and low-temperature sterilization.…
For Test Tube 3, drop an iron nail into it without placing any sort of liquid or chemicals. When completed, cover it with parafilm and set aside.…
Trouble the Water is not solely about Hurricane Katrina and its calamitous aftermath, but it is an honest, raw footage that displayed how America treats its poor and displaced citizens, particularly in time of dire need. Given U. S impressive response to humanitarian crises, and use of the top of the line gadgets to combat enemies in war-torn zones, the disappointing non-governmental response in New Orleans begs to question the capability of the U.S to response to disaster within its own country. A closer look at the tragedy of Hurricane Katrina will reveal the unfortunate truth of negligence, overt racism and insensitivity. Though all encompassing, this essay examines the documentary from the lens of structural violence as it relates to the general poor and African American.…
* If the pressure on an equilibrium system is increased, then the equilibrium position shifts to reduce the pressure.…
Experimental: Sodium metal was patted dry to remove any oil and was cat into small pieces. A dry 100cm3 round bottom flask was placed on a cork ring, on a balance and tarred sodium metal (0.6g) was placed into the flask. The flask was then attached to the dry reflux condenser and industrial methylated spirits (IMS, 15cm3) was added. Once all of the sodium has dissolved the solution was cooled to room temperature and the para-acetamidophenol (3.5g) was added. Ethyl iodine (3.0cm3) was slowly introduced to the mixture through the top of the condenser and the resulting in the mixture was boiled at reflux temperature for 20 minutes and was placed in a rotary evaporator to remove any excess solvent. Distilled water (40cm3) was added to the mixture and the flask was placed in ice until crystals were formed. The crude product was filtered using vacuum filtration the filtrates were washed with very little cold water and were left dry as much as possible.…
The reagents that we used are the following: Iron fillings, Distilled Water, Sodium Chloride (NaCl), Sulfur. The equipments:100ml Beaker, Bunsen Burner, watch Glass, Stirring rod, Magnet, Mortar…