Water Quality

1.0 WATER QUALITY

LESSON OUTCOME:

* To identify the physical water quality parameters such as suspended solids, turbidity, color, taste and odor and temperature. * To calculate the solids parameter * To identify the chemical water quality parameters such as total dissolved solid, alkalinity and hardness * To calculate the water alkalinity and hardness * To demonstrate the biological water quality parameters such as pathogens and indicators

Water Quality Parameter 1.1 Physical Parameter: Physical parameters define those characteristics of water that …

* .. * .. * .. * .. * ..

1.2.1 Measurement of TOTAL SOLID (mg/L) * Evaporate … * The total solid is expressed as milligrams per litre (mg/L).

1.2.2 Measurement of SUSPENDED SOLID (mg/L) * Weigh a filter paper on an .. * Place the filter paper on the filter apparatus. * Apply .. and filter.. * Dry the filter paper in .. * After 1 hour,.. * Repeat the drying cycle until..

Total Suspended Solid (mg/L) =

To TOTAL SOLID (mg/L) =

EXAMPLE: refer pg 16 (Howard S.Peavy, Environmental Engineering)

EXERCISE: refer pg 57 (2-4, 2-5, 2-6,2-7) 1.2 Chemical Parameter * ..
Definition:

* ..
Definition:

* .. * Metal * .. * .. * Non-metal

* ..

* ..

* Carbonate * Non-carbonate

Carbonate Hardness | Non-carbonate hardness | | | | |

1.3 Measurement of ALKALINITY and HARDNESS

A. mg/L unit mgL = SUBSTANCEMEDIUM
1PART1,000,000 =

Water density, ρ =

B. meq/L unit

C. mg/L as CaCO3

mg/L as CaCO3 =

Equaivalent mass for CaCO3 =

EXAMPLE 1:

EXAMPLE 2: refer Example 2-5 (pg 30)
EXERCISE: refer pg 57-60(2-14, 2-18, 2-19, 2-20, 2-21,2-27, 2-34) 1.4 Biological Parameter * Micro-organisms that bring diseases are