Wayne
Leung Cheuk Wing, Wayne Student No.: 11022209
EDS 6004: Educational Reform and Development in Global Context Lecturer: Dr. Lee Moo Sung
The educational, social and economic influences of Shadow Education on education systems in East Asia Abstract Public examinations are assessments for testing students’ knowledge obtained from their schools. They serve as indicators by universities to select students into specific programs. The examinations are important because they influence students’ future careers and prospects. Since these examinations are imperative, many parents would like to pay extra for service that can assist their children to improve their examination results. Such service is known as the Shadow Education of private tutoring. Nowadays, private tutoring industry has grown rapidly in most East Asia countries such as China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. The purpose of this research paper is to examine how the fast growing private tutoring has a profound effect on East Asia education systems, especially Hong Kong education systems, in terms of economic, social and educational implications. Introduction Education is one of the most important ways for everyone to success in nowadays society. We can obtain formal education from educational institute ranging from kindergartens to the university. However, not everyone who received formal education can get into their dream schools, especially for the students from the senior year of secondary education who have applied for tertiary study. For instance, the students achieved poorly in their public exams, whose scores doesn’t reach the minimum entrance requirement of universities, or the students whose academic results are not competitive towards others. Hence, many parents hire private tutors or tutoring companies to enhance their kids’ grades in public exam, “thus participating in a ‘Shadow Education’ system that supplements normal schooling” (Ireson and Rushforth, 2005). Shadow Education is
EDS 6004: Educational Reform and Development in Global Context Lecturer: Dr. Lee Moo Sung
The educational, social and economic influences of Shadow Education on education systems in East Asia Abstract Public examinations are assessments for testing students’ knowledge obtained from their schools. They serve as indicators by universities to select students into specific programs. The examinations are important because they influence students’ future careers and prospects. Since these examinations are imperative, many parents would like to pay extra for service that can assist their children to improve their examination results. Such service is known as the Shadow Education of private tutoring. Nowadays, private tutoring industry has grown rapidly in most East Asia countries such as China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. The purpose of this research paper is to examine how the fast growing private tutoring has a profound effect on East Asia education systems, especially Hong Kong education systems, in terms of economic, social and educational implications. Introduction Education is one of the most important ways for everyone to success in nowadays society. We can obtain formal education from educational institute ranging from kindergartens to the university. However, not everyone who received formal education can get into their dream schools, especially for the students from the senior year of secondary education who have applied for tertiary study. For instance, the students achieved poorly in their public exams, whose scores doesn’t reach the minimum entrance requirement of universities, or the students whose academic results are not competitive towards others. Hence, many parents hire private tutors or tutoring companies to enhance their kids’ grades in public exam, “thus participating in a ‘Shadow Education’ system that supplements normal schooling” (Ireson and Rushforth, 2005). Shadow Education is
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