One of the thought experiments
One of the thought experiments
In this paper, I hope to effectively summarize W.K Clifford’s (1879) argument on the ethics of belief, followed by a summary of William James’ (1897) argument on the right to believe, and finally, provide an argument for why W.K Clifford’s (1879) argument is stronger by highlighting its strengths while simultaneously arguing against William James’ (1897) argument.…
Clifford argues that actions cannot be separated from belief, therefore any belief held without adequate evidence caries the potential for morally blameworthy consequences.…
In his article “The Ethics of Belief (Clifford, 1877) W.K. Clifford sought to argue that “it is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence” (as cited on p190). The aim of this essay is to establish whether indeed this view offered by Clifford, when considering religious faith, is convincing. In order to do this I will consider the arguments that Clifford put forward, including that which to believe anything based upon insufficient evidence always does harm and so is wrong. Such a statement is in direct opposition to those religious believers who regard their blind faith as a virtue and for whom evidence is something that is unnecessary in order to believe. Along with discussing Clifford I will detail the responses given by James who disagreed with Clifford and in response attacked his views within his own paper “The Will to Believe”. James believed instead that it is more important to achieve truth than to avoid error. Both men, in my opinion, offer strong and persuasive arguments however I do not believe that either stands without criticism, therefore throughout I will offer my own views on the foundations of their arguments, which I hope will establish, that although many of Clifford’s points are valid in particular and specific circumstances they do not offer, as proposed, a convincing view of religious faith.…
William K. Clifford sets out to show in “The Ethics of Belief” that “it is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence…” In this paper, I will show that his argument lacks key definitions needed in order to found his inference upon and that it begs the question as to what qualifies as “insufficient” evidence. Furthermore, I will show that the primary issue is not the belief but the results of the belief that is important and that all judgment and interpretation should be based upon said results.…
This essay is mostly defending the rationality of religious faith with evidence of religious truth lacking. In section X William James says, “In truths dependent on our personal action, then, faith based on desire is certainly a lawful and possibly an indispensable thing.” William James defends that religious beliefs depend on ones personal actions and can also be justified through ones faith based on desire. He states that the evidence of religion ultimately depends on our belief. James concludes that whether we choose to believe or not we decide our own…
What I'm here to discuss is some of the flaws in Clifford's principal in The Ethics of Belief. Clifford argues that it is always wrong to believe on insufficient evidence. He brings up a couple of premises. Premise 1 is that believing anything on insufficient evidence is always harmful to others. Premise 2 is that it is always wrong for anyone to believe anything on insufficient evidence.…
Does Clifford present a persuasive viewpoint of religious faith? In his article “The Ethics of Belief (Clifford, 1877) W.K. Clifford sought to claim that it is inappropriate always, in all places, and for anyone, to believe anything upon unsatisfactory evidence. The goal of this paper is to determine whether indeed this opinion offered by Clifford, when considering religious faith, is persuasive. To successfully do this, I will weigh up the arguments that Clifford put forward, including that of disbelieving anything based upon scarce evidence, it always does damage and therefore is wrong. Such an assertion is in direct conflict to those pious believers who consider their blind faith as a goodness and for whom proof is something that is needless…
Pascal’s Wager is that of whether or not to believe in God. What are the benefits? What are the consequences? I will argue that Pascal’s Wager is indeed persuasive to believing in God due to the appeal of one’s emotions and desires. One may object that Pascal is not thoroughly persuasive regarding that the belief in God’s existence is greater than not believing, but I will continue to argue that it is, and it can only offer the better reward.…
Diego Rivera México (1886-1957) Diego Rivera's art was one of the columns on which one of the strongest movements in American painting was to find support: Mexican muralism. His art rests on a foundation from a mixture of Gauguin, Aztec, and Mayan sculpture. Diego Rivera, used simplified forms and vivid colors. He brilliantly rescued the pre-Colombian past, as well as the cornerstones of Mexico's history: the land, the factory and land workers, the customs and the popular way of life.…
“The Ethics of Belief” written by W.K. Clifford. Explains the idea of belief and moral righteousness by coming up with the conclusion that it is morally incorrect to believe in a claim with insufficient evidence or to create a claim without sufficient evidence. Clifford brings about various analogies that prove his claim to be true such as the ship-owner and the religious group on the island. Although these ideas helped set out the theory efficiently, William James essay “The Will to Believe” believes in the opposite by stating that anyone can believe in anything without the sufficient evidence provided for a specific claim. James’s, the essay provides counterexamples to Clifford’s work as well as provides strong examples and positions to help…
H. J. McCloskey, a renowned philosopher in the mid 20th century, wrote a provocative article in 1968 titled, “On Being an Atheist”. McCloskey argues for atheism as the preferred and better belief system based upon his refutation of the theistic arguments. He argues against the existence of God by attempting to refute the cosmological and teleological arguments; as well he endeavours to discredit a God based upon the presence of evil. In doing this, he extends the boundaries for arguing God, whilst opening the floor to debate free will and the apparent comfort of the atheistic belief system. However, through careful analysis of the arguments for God, and an insight into the mysterious free will that God has given man; we see that a theistic belief is logically more sound and preferred.…
Good Afternoon Mr. Scholl as discussed earlier you wanted me to complete a SWOT analysis I have enclosed a SWOT analysis of the content in which you requested. As well as a summary of what is looked for when complete an SWOT analysis for the company in which includes the competitive environment in which AutoEdge is going against as well as how in fact it will affect the company from moving forward.…
Immanuel Kant argued that although human knowledge comes from experience, nonetheless knowledge must be grounded in some necessary truths. It is hard to see how the existence of logically and metaphysically necessary truths is enough to ground human knowledge. Following Kant’s reasoning, there are certain types of knowledge we have no access to. I will argue that Presuppositionalism is more plausible than Kant’s skepticism about certain types of knowledge, and that from the Presuppositionalist perspective skepticism is self-refuting. If we don’t assume that God exists, we find that we can’t reach certain conclusions and are left wanting.…
1. Examine the strengths and weaknesses of the argument for the existence of God based on religious experience. (18) 2. ‘The argument merely indicates the probability of God and this is of little value to a religious believer.’ Discuss. (12)…
In his essay, “The Will to Believe”, William James aims to provide a justification of faith. James wants to show that it is sometimes justifiable to hold beliefs that are not supported by sufficient evidence. Therefore, he presents various ideas which can influence a person’s beliefs. He believes that these influences are caused by our passion or our will.…