What Are the Differences Between Europeanization and European Integration?
What are the differences between Europeanization and European Integration?
The European Union (EU) has attracted much scholarly interest since it’s founding in the 1950’s. It is an organisation unlike any other, and with currently twenty-five members, holds a great deal of influence on the continent. This research paper shall look at two key fields of study within European studies; these are European Integration and Europeanization. Despite the similarity in the terms, these are two fields are linked, but are distinctly different. For European Integration, researchers have focused on how European States have become integrated and why this happened. Scholars in Europeanization follow on from this and focus of how European integration has affected the domestic policies of EU member States. Within this paper, one shall examine the two terms in order to understand what each one entails, which in turn should, demonstrate the differences between.
European Integration: A process by which European States become closely linked by economical, political and social policies, created within the framework of the European Union.
According to McCormick, there are four reasons why integration takes place: 1. When there is little choice (By force.) 2. When there is a need for security or the presence of a common threat. 3. When there are shared values and goals. 4. When it is seen as effectively promoting peace and there are benefits to be gained.[1]
It is understood that it was the first two reasons were responsible for the beginnings of European integration. Integration was not driven by a major goal and was achieved through small steps.[2] Its origins lie in the aftermath of the Second World War, when the mood on the continent, was the desire for peace. States understood that there was a need for co-operation in Europe instead of the previous pre-war competition and rivalry.[3] Functionalists who theorise on integration, such as Mittrany, focus on the
The European Union (EU) has attracted much scholarly interest since it’s founding in the 1950’s. It is an organisation unlike any other, and with currently twenty-five members, holds a great deal of influence on the continent. This research paper shall look at two key fields of study within European studies; these are European Integration and Europeanization. Despite the similarity in the terms, these are two fields are linked, but are distinctly different. For European Integration, researchers have focused on how European States have become integrated and why this happened. Scholars in Europeanization follow on from this and focus of how European integration has affected the domestic policies of EU member States. Within this paper, one shall examine the two terms in order to understand what each one entails, which in turn should, demonstrate the differences between.
European Integration: A process by which European States become closely linked by economical, political and social policies, created within the framework of the European Union.
According to McCormick, there are four reasons why integration takes place: 1. When there is little choice (By force.) 2. When there is a need for security or the presence of a common threat. 3. When there are shared values and goals. 4. When it is seen as effectively promoting peace and there are benefits to be gained.[1]
It is understood that it was the first two reasons were responsible for the beginnings of European integration. Integration was not driven by a major goal and was achieved through small steps.[2] Its origins lie in the aftermath of the Second World War, when the mood on the continent, was the desire for peace. States understood that there was a need for co-operation in Europe instead of the previous pre-war competition and rivalry.[3] Functionalists who theorise on integration, such as Mittrany, focus on the
Bibliography: Robert Ladrech, “Europeanization and the Member States” in Maria Green Cowles & Desmond Dinan eds. Developments in the European Union 2. (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004) John McCormick, “The European Union – Expanding and Deepening” in Howard J John McCormick, Understanding the European Union – A Concise Introduction. (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005) Sir William Nicoll and Trevor C Derek Urwin, “The European Community: From 1945-1985” in Michelle Cini ed. European Union Politics. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005) Reuben Wong “Europeanization” in Christopher Hill and Michael Smith eds [2] John McCormick, “The European Union – Expanding and Deepening” in Howard J. Wiarda ed. European Politics in the Age of Globalization. (Toronto: Harcourt College Publishers, 2001) 415. [5] Sir William Nicoll and Trevor C. Salmon, Understanding the European Union. (London: Longman, 2001) 9. [7] Derek Urwin, “The European Community: From 1945-1985” in Michelle Cini ed. European Union Politics. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005) 16. [9] Robert Schuman, “The Schuman Declaration” in Brent F. Nelsen & Alexander C.G Stubb eds. The European Union – Readings on the Theory and Practice of European Integration. (London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1994) 12. [10] David Armstrong, Lorna Lloyd & John Redmond, International Organisations in World Politics. (London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004) 143. [20] Robert Ladrech, “Europeanization and the Member States” in Maria Green Cowles & Desmond Dinan eds. Developments in the European Union 2. (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004) 47.