Inga Clendinnen book, Ambivalent Conquests: Maya and Spaniard in Yucatan, 1517-1570 is centered on the Spanish incursion of the Yucatan Peninsula, affects on Mayan civilization, and the Spanish struggles in controlling these people. In the beginning, Clendinnen focus here attention on the initial attempts and then eventual success of the Spaniards to solidify themselves within the Yucatan Peninsula. She goes into a detailed backdrop of why many Spaniards were financially forced to look for new lands and peoples to conquer, how they came into the Yucatan, and then eventually their initial disappointment and failure. However, the Mayan victory was short lived as strict determination and new idea's to make profit off resources in this region aside from gold pushed the Spaniards to a point of no return within the Yucatan Peninsula and the eventual Mayan defeat. Secondly, Clendinnen touches on the changing ways of life amongst the native societies due to their new Spanish masters. She focuses more on Mayan changes and the forced acculturation to the Spanish ways of life. Furthermore, she comments on Spanish struggles to utilize commercial opportunities due to the poor agricultural, unsuitable grazing land, lack of labor, and the eventual collapse of the encomienda system. Lastly, Clendinnen touches on the divine front, mentioning the friars initially trying to psychologically discern Mayan behavior and sequences to pinpoint the reasoning's behind Mayan beliefs. Then using what they infer as ammunition toward their constant struggle to convert the native peoples to Christianity and squash any sources of idolatry or anything representing the native religion.…
66. Comparative Analysis: Compare the development of Axum and Meroe in northeastern Africa with the development of the Maya and of Teotihuacan in Mesoamerica.…
Between 700 B.C. and A.D. 1500, several sophisticated native civilizations developed across Mesoamerica, beginning with the Olmecs,…
Additional readings: Zaro and Houk (2012). The growth and decline of the ancient Maya city of La Milpa, Belize. Ancient Mesoamerica 23:143-159.…
Cited: Hirst, K. Kris. "Mesoamerica Culture History and Archaeology." N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Dec. 2014. <http://archaeology.about.com/od/mesoamerica/>.…
Aztecs, who conquered most of Mexico, built a highly-developed civilization in the 1400’s. At the…
Mayan culture gender means that women were to work in their homes mostly providing food and clothes for their family. If necessary they were allowed to come and help bring in the harvest. Women were not allowed to hunt, only able to clean and serve the food, such as deer. Women weren’t allowed to hunt deer only men did that. So after the women cleaned and prepared the food the men would eat first and the women would wait until the men finished to have their women only dinner. Gender as a whole relates to the Mayan Culture because they are influenced by the man but dependent on the women to cook, clean and take care of the children and also make some money in the process. Also some of their beliefs are that men should do all of the outside work…
The Olmec civilization, which flourished in eastern Mexico from about 1300 to 400 B.C., was probably the forerunner of several other Central American civilizations, Such as, the Toltec, Aztec, and Maya. The Olmec practiced advanced agricultural methods, but they were also accomplished engineers. For example one of their gifts to posterity is a group of sculpted stone heads, each weighing more than 20 tons. Although the purpose of these monuments is not fully understood they attest to the artistic and technical skills of a people living in the Americas some 2,500 years before Columbus. Even more interesting is the fact that like the ancient Egyptians the Olmec developed a sophisticated method of writing based on their own hieroglyphics. Strangely…
The Olmec civilization thrived from c. 1500 BC to 400 BC, in the modern day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco. Due to lack of archaeological evidence, the Olmec’s origin of ethnic identity is unknown. There is such a lack of knowledge that researchers still are unaware of the name this group of people referred to themselves as. The title Olmec comes from, ‘Olmec-Xicalanca, which is the name of the multi-lingual traders of the Conquest Era, from the same region, and the name has stuck through the murky beginnings of unearthing this early Mesoamerican civilization. As archaeologists continue to discover more on the Olmec’s, it is becoming much more apparent that later Mesoamerican civilizations, such as the Mayans and Aztecs, learned and…
Heirs of the Olmecs: the Maya 1) The Maya lived in the highlands of Guatemala a. Besides maize, they also cultivated cotton and cacao b. Tikal was the most important Maya political center, 300900 C.E. c. Maya warfare: warriors had prestige; captives were slaves or victims d. Chichén Itzá, power by the 9th century; loose empire in Yucatan e. Maya decline began in 800 C.E.; many Mayans deserted their cities C. Maya Society and Religion 1) Maya society was hierarchical a. Kings, priests, and hereditary nobility at the top b. Merchants were from the ruling class; they served also as ambassadors c. Professional architects and artisans were important d. Peasants and slaves were majority of population 2) The Maya calendar had both solar and ritual years interwoven 3) Maya writing was ideographic and syllabic; only four books survive 4) Religious thought a. Popol Vuh, a Maya creation myth, taught that gods created humans out of maize and water b. Gods maintained agricultural cycles in exchange for honors and sacrifices c. Bloodletting rituals honored gods for rains 5) The Maya ball game: sporting, gambling, and religious…
The British Museum, home to 100 objects, explores and unravels fascinating truths of human history dating from two million years ago to the present. In each object, historians are able to establish what was important to individuals living at a specific point in time when the object was used or created. Objects such as the Maya Maize God Statue, the Egyptian Clay Model of Cattle, and the Chinese Zhou Ritual Vessel, reveal different rituals in various cultures. The unique cultural rituals associated with the three objects allow historians to understand the beliefs and every day philosophy of the Mayan, Egyptian, and Zhou Dynasty cultures. Specifically, the Maya Maize God Statue reflects the importance placed on maize for creation and agriculture,…
In early civilization, a complex society known as the Maya resided in lowlands of Mesoamerica. At the time that they lived, the Mayans were considered to be one of the most advanced societies. Their culture and their cultural influences on other societies are constantly being studied even today. The Mayans were known to be prosperous people with a growing population, rich agricultural, unique architecture, and sacrificial religious beliefs. Knowing this information, many wonder what caused such an advanced society to suddenly disappear. One theory explains that environmental stresses at the time may have lead the Mayans to their end.…
The Maya was thought of to be one among the best ancient Native American civilizations within the Americas, and probably the planet. Archaeologists discovered and dug up and studied several of the civilization sites trace the Mayas to thousands of years ago. Their ancestors migrated from Asia across the Bering Sea and Alaska to the Americas and also the Yucatan Peninsula throughout the last ice age. Early Mayan settlements originate to 2400 B.C.. They engineered huge stone pyramids and temples to honor their gods and preserve their faith. They additionally accomplished advanced achievements in arithmetic and astronomy, that were recorded in hieroglyphs. Their lives rotated around their king and sacrificial blood. Their cultural achievements…
The Mayan culture is known for their rituals and ceremonies. Everything done in their culture had its place and time. This allowed the priest in the Maya community to know when to plant, harvest, as well as knowing which seasons were wet and which were dry. In Mayan belief, blood sacrifice performed by Kings was important for major calendar cycle endings. The beginning or ending of a cycle was cause for ceremony in this culture. In addition, children in are named after the day they were born and each day had a specific name for boy and girl and parents are to follow that practice. Also, Mayan healers believed that there are male and female energies associated with the calendar. The male energy cycle ended on November 11, 2011 and is celebrated…
which had not occurred in earlier societies of the Maya. The fact that similar patterns of…