Soil first starts to make its way to the coast by uplift from trees falling over, or steep hill sides. Once enough “loose” soil becomes heavy enough it begins to slide down a slope. As we saw on the field trip on the top of “unknown road” we could see the valleys in the mountain side where debri flows literally carved out trenches in the mountain and created an almost tunnel like path for the loose dirt to slide down. Once the dirt becomes loose and begins to slide it gathers with other dirt and picks up most everything in its past making it heavier and larger. Over time the accumulation of enough debri flows make paths down towards the Coast. The flows end up in rivers and settle on the bottom but with the current of the river it moves all of the soil and rocks it picked up and moves it towards the coast. If you imagine this spread across the Coast range,…
| Much building and recreation occurs at the coast, and this increases pressure on cliff tops, making them more liable to erosion and subsidence. The building of sea defences upsets the dynamic equilibrium of the coastline…
3. Beach erosion is related to natural process such as long shore current. How is beach erosion also related to huma...…
These are examples of how humans have physically impacted the beach and its structure. The flight deck is a human residential block of units on the edge of the beach. This unit block has massively affected the shaping and the beachfront of that area of Collaroy beach. The coastal processes that are threatening the erosion of the beachfront developments are, Erosion/Accretion Cycle (or sediment budget), destructive storm waves and king tides. These processes are slowly undermining the building and causing the dune under the units to become unstable and dangerous for people living in and around them. Also the salts from the waves blowing onto the units causes the metal to rust and the foundation of the building and balcony handrails to be at risk of being unreliable and…
• How sediments are moved along a shore line and what coastal features are formed?…
The plain of Holderness did not exist before the Ice Age. It was once a wide bay backed by chalk cliffs running from Flamborough Head to Hessle, west of the city of Hull. Today Holderness is made up of glacial tills – sands and clays deposited by ice sheets during the Ice Age (Figure 4). The tills are soft and unstable and have little resistance to erosion. The low cliffs repeatedly slump down along rotational slip planes, lubricated by water which reduces friction and makes the sands and clays slip easily. The sea washes the slumped material away. This rapid coastal retreat will continue until the old buried cliff-line along the eastern edge of the Yorkshire Wolds is once again exposed. This is composed of much more resistant chalk rock, which will again form impressive white cliffs such as those north of Bridlington.…
Sand dunes provide a means of protecting the land behind it from various oceanic processes, i.e. wave and wind formations. Therefore it is important for sand dunes to be found on coastlines. Both wind and water are essential processes in the formation of these dunes, referred to as Aeolian and hydro spherics respectively. Sand is carried via the ocean and is washed up on coasts, whilst longshore drift further moves and deposits this sand in various areas. This process describes the formation of sand dunes. Wind further carries the sand up inclines, increasing the area of the dunes. Without these sand dunes, it would be the land being eroded and continuously fighting the Aeolian and hydro spherics forces, instead of the sand. At Collaroy Beach, the many buildings in the area…
One way to manage erosion is to eradicate the process of tilling. Tilling removes the soil from the top and exposes subsoil while burying the top soil. Presenting farmers with different methods that do not include the use of tilling would lower soil erosion. Surface cover and runoff are great ways to manage soil erosion. Surface cover prevents heavy showers from deteriorating the soil while runoff focuses on managing the flow of water at a down slope (Preventing and Managing Erosion,…
longshore drift, groin, spit, berm, low tide, high tide, breaker zone, swash zone, backshore, foreshore,…
-“The increased wave energy and the sediment trapped behind the seawall often decrease the sediment supply near the seawall, causing erosion on adjacent beaches. Therefore, alternatives to these hard structures are strongly encouraged and actively sought by the NPS.”…
The finest beaches on the Mississippi Gulf Coast are located on Ship Island and are being eroded however; erosion is the thing that initially created the beaches. There were no beaches when oceans first covered the surface of the earth millions of years ago, only rocky shores. Over millions of years these solid stones were broken down into rocks by erosion, then were broken down into pebbles, and then into gravel, and then into sand. Rivers also carried down sand and silt from the mountains and deposited it into seas around the world and oceans. I found out that most causes of beach erosion are natural and the rest is because of man made structures. Jenny Lazlo of the National Awareness of Erosion was interviewed by one of my team members and stated that “everyone likes waves but they actually contribute to the erosion of beaches. Formations of waves are caused by wind, the rotation of the earth, and deep ocean currents.” Water moves in circular paths perpendicular to the ground. Waves take sand from the depths of the ocean and deposit it on the beaches. They also carry little pebbles and stones, and smash them into each other which create sand. Living on a beach or nearby one can be extremely harmful to humans because large waves can form (are powered by storms) and break into the beach washing back down much more sand with them to the ocean. A major part of beach erosion is ocean currents. Ocean currents can make and break the shore, depending on the circumstances but in this case it erodes the shore. “Long shore and near shore currents (riptides) are the two main types of currents that shape up beaches. The creation of the near shore current is when waves hit the beach at a ninety degree angles, they are very strong, narrow, and flow perpendicular to the beach in the seaward direction. This allows them to carry away large amounts of sand.” says Adam Copeland Erosion Researcher of Cornell University. Long…
Erosion happens in this area due to water hitting the banks. As the water hits the bank, it puts so much pressure onto the bank that it washes away and moves all the soil and rock holding that bank up. One major thing…
Caucus – a form of district and state conventions used to nominate candidates in areas that do…
Barrier Islands, which are also known as barrier spits, are elongate, narrow islands of sand or sediment that lied parallel to the coastline and are separated from the mainland by a shallow sound, bay or Lagoon. Most barrier islands are along trailing edge and marginal sea coast where continental shelves are wide and gently sloping. The majority of the barrier islands in North America are along the Atlantic and Gulf Coast. The formation of the barrier islands is not fully understood. There have been many theories about their formation, but the current one states that barrier islands were formed about 18,000 years ago at the end of the last Ice Age. As the glaciers melted, the sea level started to rise and flooded areas behind the beach ridges at that time. The rising waters carried sediments from those beach ridges and deposited them along shallow areas just off the new coast lines. Waves and currents continued to bring in sediments that build up, forming the barrier islands. They range in length from three to a hundred kilometers in length and less than one to three kilometers in width. Their two major functions are: To protect the coastlines from severe storm damage and to harbor several habitats that are refuges for wildlife. There are four major zones in the barrier-islands: beach, dunes, overwash, and salt marsh. Each of these zones have their own function and type of natural life. It is natural for these islands to grow and erode and get washed away. They aren’t permanent; they are just accumulations of sand that form off the cost. It should not be allowed to build up in the barrier-islands because its dangerous for the people, eliminates important ecosystems and limits the island’s usefulness in protecting the mainland coast.…
In recent decades erosion has become a major issue to beaches around Australia, since beaches are temporary features. There is always sand being removed and sand being added to them, often, they change drastically during the year, depending upon the frequency of storms. Eventually, a beach erodes because the supply of sand to the beach cannot keep up with the loss of sand to the sea. The Sand dunes and vegetation help to hold the sand in place when wind or water tries to erode it away. The environment can be affected by erosion in several ways. First and the most obvious, houses that are built along the shore are at risk of being washed away if more sand is being removed from the beach in the winter, and not enough sand is returned in the summer. Secondly, animals that live on the beach are at risk for losing their homes. The amount of sand on the beach, and how it is deposited can also affect the shape of the shoreline, which can have an effect on the type of waves that are produced at the beach. The type of waves produced at the beach will also ultimately have an impact on beach erosion.…