What Are The Three Key Terms Of The Federal System Of Government
Chapter 3 Key Terms
Federal system- system of government where the national government and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people
Confederation- Type of government where the national government derives its powers from the states; a league of independent state
Unitary system- system of government where the local and regional government derive all authority from a strong national government
Tenth amendment- The final part of the Bills of Rights that defines the basic principle of American federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people
Reserved (or police) powers- powers reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment that lie at the …show more content…
foundation of a state’s right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizen
Concurrent powers- powers shared by the national and state governments
Bill of attainder- a law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial
Ex post facto law- law that makes an act punishable as a crime even if the action was legal at the time it was committed
Full faith and credit clause- section of Article IV of the constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state
Privileges and immunities- Part of Article IV of the constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states
Extradition clause- part of Article IV of the constitution that requires states to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial
Interstate compacts- contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to address multistate policy concerns
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)- the supreme court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank using the constitution’s supremacy clause. The court’s broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)- the Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The court’s broad interpretation of the constitution’s commerce clause paved the way for later ruling upholding expansive federal powers
Barron v. Baltimore (1833)- the supreme court ruled that the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment did not apply to the actions of the states. This decision limited the Bill or Rights to the actions of Congress alone
Dual federalism- the belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement
Dred Scott v.
Sandford (1857)- the supreme court concluded that the U.S. Congress lacked the constitutional authority to bar slavery in the territories. This decision narrowed the scope of national power, while it enhanced that of the states
Nullification- the purported right of a state to declare void a federal law
Sixteenth Amendment- amendment to the U.S. constitution that authorized congress to enact a national income tax
Seventeenth Amendment- amendment to the U.S. constitution that made senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection from state legislatures
New Deal (1933)- the name giver to the program of “relief, recovery, reform” begun by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to bring the united states out of the great depression
Cooperative federalism- the intertwined relationship between the national, state, and local governments that began with the New Deal
Categorical grant- grant that allocated federal funds to states for a specific purpose
New Federalism- federal-state relationship proposed by Reagan administration during the 1980s; hallmark is returning administrative powers to the state governments
Block grant- a large grant given to a state by the federal government with only general spending
guidelines
Unfunded mandates- national laws that direct state or local governments to comply with federal rules or regulations (such as clean air or water standards) but contain little or no federal funding to defray the cost of meeting these requirements
Preemption- a concept that allows the national government to override state or local actions in certain areas
Progressive federalism- movement that gives state officials significant leeway in acting on issues normally considered national in scope, such as the environment and consumer protection
Federal system- system of government where the national government and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people
Confederation- Type of government where the national government derives its powers from the states; a league of independent state
Unitary system- system of government where the local and regional government derive all authority from a strong national government
Tenth amendment- The final part of the Bills of Rights that defines the basic principle of American federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people
Reserved (or police) powers- powers reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment that lie at the …show more content…
foundation of a state’s right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizen
Concurrent powers- powers shared by the national and state governments
Bill of attainder- a law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial
Ex post facto law- law that makes an act punishable as a crime even if the action was legal at the time it was committed
Full faith and credit clause- section of Article IV of the constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state
Privileges and immunities- Part of Article IV of the constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states
Extradition clause- part of Article IV of the constitution that requires states to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial
Interstate compacts- contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to address multistate policy concerns
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)- the supreme court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank using the constitution’s supremacy clause. The court’s broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)- the Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The court’s broad interpretation of the constitution’s commerce clause paved the way for later ruling upholding expansive federal powers
Barron v. Baltimore (1833)- the supreme court ruled that the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment did not apply to the actions of the states. This decision limited the Bill or Rights to the actions of Congress alone
Dual federalism- the belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement
Dred Scott v.
Sandford (1857)- the supreme court concluded that the U.S. Congress lacked the constitutional authority to bar slavery in the territories. This decision narrowed the scope of national power, while it enhanced that of the states
Nullification- the purported right of a state to declare void a federal law
Sixteenth Amendment- amendment to the U.S. constitution that authorized congress to enact a national income tax
Seventeenth Amendment- amendment to the U.S. constitution that made senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection from state legislatures
New Deal (1933)- the name giver to the program of “relief, recovery, reform” begun by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to bring the united states out of the great depression
Cooperative federalism- the intertwined relationship between the national, state, and local governments that began with the New Deal
Categorical grant- grant that allocated federal funds to states for a specific purpose
New Federalism- federal-state relationship proposed by Reagan administration during the 1980s; hallmark is returning administrative powers to the state governments
Block grant- a large grant given to a state by the federal government with only general spending
guidelines
Unfunded mandates- national laws that direct state or local governments to comply with federal rules or regulations (such as clean air or water standards) but contain little or no federal funding to defray the cost of meeting these requirements
Preemption- a concept that allows the national government to override state or local actions in certain areas
Progressive federalism- movement that gives state officials significant leeway in acting on issues normally considered national in scope, such as the environment and consumer protection