Diamond knew that the answer had little to do with ingenuity or individual skill. From his own experience in the jungles of New Guinea, he had observed that native hunter-gatherers were just as intelligent as people of European descent -- and far more resourceful. Their lives were tough, and it seemed a terrible paradox of history that these…
He then goes on to analyze the Indians ' involvement in the capitalist economy, then the efforts of Europeans in capitalist expansion, and describes the complicated processes of ecological change that resulted from both. In my opinion, Cronon 's argument that, “capitalism and environmental degradation were hand and hand” (Cronan, 161), is strong and supported well throughout the book. Also, he presents everything coherently and without bias, which makes for an analysis that is compelling, thought provoking, and easy for most to…
On page 25 of his prologue, Diamond states: “History followed different courses for different peoples because of differences among people’s environment, not because of biological differences among peoples themselves.” Clearly, Diamond argues that geography, not biology, plays a key role in determining a society’s wealth and power. Diamond’s most compelling methodology, therefore, is his use of the natural experiment of Polynesia. As Diamond notes: “When ancestral Polynesians spread into the Pacific around 3,200 years ago, they encountered islands differing greatly in their environments. Within a few millennia that single ancestral Polynesian society had spawned on those diverse islands a range of diverse daughter societies, from hunter-gatherer tribes to proto-empires” (Diamond 28). What this natural experiment shows is that various environments offer benefits or disadvantages that directly impact how a society progresses. Differences in geography on the diverse islands of Polynesia led some tribes to be hunter-gatherers, while others were able to domesticate plants and animals and therefore secure food production. Those societies that were able to secure food production could in turn have the time and luxury to develop systems of writing, organization, and even government. These societies were the ones that grew in wealth and…
In trying to achieve sustainability within the society, the Grapes of Wrath presents different scenarios that involve the struggles of life and survival, the many challenges people encounter and what it takes to attain a sustainable lifestyle. The film is centered on the family unit, the societal perceptions of what the family ought to be and the difficulties involved in sustaining the family unit together. It is a film that highlights the importance of moral uprightness, the significance of finances and what holds societal institutions together to ensure a sustainable…
In Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies by Jared Diamond is the response to a question Diamond had been asked by a New Guinean politician, Yali, in 1972. The question was, “Why is it that you white people developed so much cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people have little cargo of our own?” This refers to the inequality between many different civilizations, quite like how Europeans developed great objects and wealth that they used to dominate over other societies. Diamond begins to wonder why that is, “Why did human development proceed at different rates on different continents?” Before explaining possible answers, Diamond clarifies that his book isn’t to justify European domination of other civilizations nor does the answer take a European historic approach. Diamond also clarifies that hunter-gatherer civilizations are not inferior to agricultural or industrial civilizations.…
In the first article, Garrett Hardin attempts to assert that there is no universal solution to the population problem. His supports this central thesis be explaining that in a world that has finite resources, the population must inherently also be finite. He also declares that the optimum population is less than the maximum. In order to take full advantage of each individuals potential, it is necessary to maximize “good per person” (which is a relative phrase; and to measure the values of the goods, a weighting system would have to be implemented).…
Hardin suggested a “world food bank” to supply food equally to every nation as a means to counter the famine issue. He makes examples of how Overloading the Environment may be in danger. Hardin says “Food can, perhaps, be significantly increased to meet a growing demand. But what about clean beaches, unspoiled forests, and solitude? If we satisfy a growing population's need for food, we necessarily decrease its per capita supply of the other resources needed by men.” Hardin also refers to an essay titled Chinese Fish and Miracle Rice saying, “as an ancient Chinese proverb goes: Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day; teach him how to fish and he will eat for the rest of his…
One of these is The World Food Bank, an organization in the process of being established during the time of the essay’s publication. The goal of the organization, in short, was to provide food for people in countries that had a lack of it. This is, of course, completely in opposition to what Hardin argues we should do, and so it is a very good example. To demonstrate why a global food bank is a bad idea, Hardin attacks it from several angles. First, he debases its intention, stating that while it “appeals powerfully to our humanitarian impulses”, it is not as pure of motive as its lobbyists claimed it to be. He outlines that an organization like that would mean “’Billions for U.S Business’”, using the past example of the “Food for peace program” that did indeed, in historical fact, profit its creators much more than its supposed benefactors. After showing corruption in modern institution of charity, Hardin then defeats it in its own terms, or in other words he argues against it as if it was in reality pure in its intentions. He argues that helping the overpopulated poor only leads to more overpopulation, and therefore a greater demand, that defeats possibility and would ultimately deplete the world’s resources, leading to the suffering of our posterity. Here, Hardin thoroughly defeats…
Garrett Hardin’s essay “The Tragedy of the Commons” is a paper on the logical outcome of rational self interest. Rational self interest is what any person weighing their options would do to gain the most benefit. An example from the text is given about herdsmen. A herdsman would first increase his herd, disregarding the effect the increase number would have on the field the herd grazed on, to increase his profit. Hardin demonstrates that eventually, with every herdsmen acting in this way, the field that is grazed on…
What Does the American Flag Mean Anymore? Among all of the current conflicts that have arisen in the United States, minor conflicts such as the issue of U.S citizens not respecting the American flag anymore, should also be addressed. The American flag stands for justice, purity, perseverance, and freedom; all of which this country has paid a large price to earn. At the cost of many lives, freedom was won, yet few people acknowledge this.…
2. How does a game of tick-tac-toe demonstrate Hardin’s argument that the problem with overpopulation has no technical solution?…
me, is that all Americans will be shown justice, and fight for it. We will be…
Dr. Jarod Diamond in his book, “Collapse, How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed believes that the current society will eventually collapse due to may reasons, but one of the biggest the loss of natural resources. These resources, such as…
In December of 2003 Sarah Holt interviewed Lester Brown, a population expert considered to be ‘one of the world’s most influential thinkers’ (by the Washington Post). When confronted with the idea that between now and 2050 the population will increase by 3 billion, in addition to the 6 billion now, Brown seems to be no stranger to the subject, offering up clear predictions in what’s to come. He addresses developing trends in countries like India and Africa, the ‘grain drain’ that becomes more and more prevalent with each year, and the big picture, Brown predicts, leaders will have to look at when making serious decisions concerning the future of the Earth.…
Water is the one of the most important resources in the world because it is vital for life on Earth. Today many people believe that water shortage is the most severe problem, but there are many different other issues such as overpopulation and global warming.…