What Is Beaugrande And Dresser Approach To Cohesion?
This is how to get the best result. You let the berries dry in the sun till all moisture has gone of them. Then you gather them and chop them very fine. (Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 17)
In this example, the demonstrative pronoun “this” is used to refer to the whole next two sentences. It should be noted that cataphoric reference does not always contribute to cohesion as the anaphoric does. The second type of cohesive devices suggested by Halliday and Hasan is substitution. A substitution is used to replace one item with another. An example can be found in Halliday and Hasan (1976: 89):
You think John already knows? –I think everybody does.
In this example, “does” is used to replace “knows”. Halliday and Hasan claim that substitution is …show more content…
In other words, Beaugrande and Dressler believe that in addition to cohesion, the text should meet the other six standards of textuality, i.e. coherence, intentionality, acceptability, informativity, situationality, and intertextuality, in order to be efficiently communicative. Beaugrande and Dressler (1981: 3) state that “the surface components depend upon each other according to grammatical forms and conventions, such that cohesion rests upon grammatical dependencies.” They state that cohesion is achieved through the following devices: recurrence (repetition of the same words), partial recurrence (same items that are previously used are shifted to different classes), parallelism (repetition of the same structure), paraphrase (repetition of the same meaning with different words), use of pro-forms (refereeing to previously mentioned items with different expressions), ellipsis (when an item is omitted but it is clear in a previous sentence), tense, aspect, and junction (configuring the relations between the events in the text), functional sentence perspective (new and given information in the sentence, i.e. theme and rheme), and intonation
In this example, the demonstrative pronoun “this” is used to refer to the whole next two sentences. It should be noted that cataphoric reference does not always contribute to cohesion as the anaphoric does. The second type of cohesive devices suggested by Halliday and Hasan is substitution. A substitution is used to replace one item with another. An example can be found in Halliday and Hasan (1976: 89):
You think John already knows? –I think everybody does.
In this example, “does” is used to replace “knows”. Halliday and Hasan claim that substitution is …show more content…
In other words, Beaugrande and Dressler believe that in addition to cohesion, the text should meet the other six standards of textuality, i.e. coherence, intentionality, acceptability, informativity, situationality, and intertextuality, in order to be efficiently communicative. Beaugrande and Dressler (1981: 3) state that “the surface components depend upon each other according to grammatical forms and conventions, such that cohesion rests upon grammatical dependencies.” They state that cohesion is achieved through the following devices: recurrence (repetition of the same words), partial recurrence (same items that are previously used are shifted to different classes), parallelism (repetition of the same structure), paraphrase (repetition of the same meaning with different words), use of pro-forms (refereeing to previously mentioned items with different expressions), ellipsis (when an item is omitted but it is clear in a previous sentence), tense, aspect, and junction (configuring the relations between the events in the text), functional sentence perspective (new and given information in the sentence, i.e. theme and rheme), and intonation