The qualities that make an epic hero are strength, courage a strong mentality, and the aspiration to achieve heroic acts. Many heroes are considered role models as they make brave decisions attempting to do something extraordinary. Heroes often fight against the causes of evil as they try to make the environment a better place. Hercules (son of Zeus) is one of the many known Gods to Greek mythology. He is supernatural and immortal. The hero has extraordinary strength, being the strongest man on earth he is sometimes he is unaware of the power he posses, Hercules is invulnerable. Although worshiped as a God, he was properly a hero.…
Death is one of the most discussed topics that has always risen a lot of doubt and concerns . Many philosophers and writers, through the centuries, have tried to find a definition or a reason for this mysterious and inevitable event. Analyzing Plato’s Apology, he seemed to have a positive view about death. He claimed that death is a “state of nothingness and utter unconsciousness”; in fact, he compared death with the act of sleeping. But since death is more deep and irreversible, humans cannot be bothered by dreams or thought because they’re dead, whereas this could happen while they’re sleeping. So death is a state of relaxing for the soul and for this motivation he considered death as a conquer for human’s life. He also pointed out another…
Death is a conclusion that all men must reach. It is a fate that he cannot escape and an enemy he cannot defeat. In Sophocles' Antigone, the Chorus dedicates its first ode to man's victories and its supreme vulnerability: death. The choral ode is divided into four sections: Strophe I, Antistrophe I, Strophe II, Antistrophe II, each focusing on either man's strengths, weaknesses, accomplishments, and consequences his actions yield. In Strophe II, the chorus elaborates on the triumphs man has achieved, but confesses that man has the inevitable destiny of death. In the five translations of the first choral ode composed by Fitts & Fitzgerald, Richard Emil Braun, H.D.F. Kitto, Elizabeth Wyckoff, and Paul Roche, there are nuances in such areas as format, language, and connotation in each of the translated Strophe IIs.…
A hero is a person who has super powers or can do things normal people could not do. A hero is strong, smart and ladies call them “attractive”. A long time ago, a poet named Homer had written an epic poem called “The Odyssey”. In “The Odyssey”, there is a person with these traits named Odysseus. Odysseus goes through adventures for a long time trying to get home. Odysseus is an epic hero…
Epicureanism moral theory is based upon achieving a life where pleasure is considered the greatest good. Pleasure is sought after and achieved through the removal of physical pain and mental worries. It is common in Epicureanism to avoid pain by trying to eliminate any non-natural desires. For example, in our modern world the presidency of the United States is arguably one of the most sought after and politically powerful positions in the world. But with the power comes great responsibility and accountability to the people for whom you serve, then with this untimely comes great anxiety and stress. Epicureans believed stress, anxiety and mental worries to be forms of pain and suffering that only took one farther away from pleasure. It was for this reason why Epicureans believed in living a more moderate lifestyle free of distractions from the path to happiness.…
Epictetus states that when someone offends you or wrongs you to the point where they irritate you, it’s not the act or person that insults you but the belief that you create when the action or person interacts with you. An example of this would be someone who purposely says hurtful things or charged statements to incite anger or ill-advised actions from you. What Epictetus deems, is that the person acting against us is not causing us to become irritated, but the image or perception that we craft from their actions that causes us this feeling of malcontent. In order to avoid this feeling we must become aware of this misguided feeling of irritation and not be swayed by it to better control our temper and avoid any negative actions that may inflict more self-harm in the future.…
Epicurus also believed that death was not to be feared. The two writers list four reasons. People do not know what it's like to be dead. Nobody knows the feeling of death; therefore there is no need to fear of death. And we cannot say death is bad. In addition, the writer talks about the relationship between mortal and immortal. It will be boring if a person is mortal and never die. This is called the deprivation of death. If people do not want to live immortal, it is not necessary to fear of death. The third reason is people are worried about dying in a young age. Another possible answer is people are fear of dying in the near future. However, now science and technology are developed. Almost everyone lives healthy nowadays. If a person is health, then he or she does not need to be fear of death. Kagan and Epicurus, explore the thought-provoking part of death. Life after death could be a myth meaning the only important part of human life is when someone is alive. It is then clear of his existence. Could gauge him on his identity and see the effect of his living. As everyone waits for his death, as everyone also experiences the death of other people they become aware of the importance of existence. One’s existence is same as one’s death. The version of understanding both beliefs and values of a person, range from the mentality pursued within the articulation of the same…
The Persian and Peloponnesian wars were both significant conflicts that tested independence. Documenting these wars was obviously hard at this point of civilization, but two men did, and are now known as the great writers of their time. When analyzing the writings of Herodotus and Thucydides, the authors must be compared and contrasted. Though it is almost impossible to know the complete accuracy of their accounts, analyzing the writing style will give us a good sense of their validity.…
Perhaps the most pronounced question in the play "Antigone" by Sophocles' is the value of human law vs. divine law. In this tragic play a newly appointed king Creon declares to his people that treason was committed during battle, and one of the two brothers (Polyneices) killed shall not be buried according to the Gods, but instead "He shall be left unburied for all to watch the corpse mutilated and eaten by carrion-birds and by dogs" (Sophocles, 1900.). This dilemma is felt by many, especially Antigone (sister of the deceased). In Greek culture it is thought that the spirit of a body cannot find rest if it is has not been laid to rest by the evening of the day it has departed, and it is condemned to roam the earth for eternity. The struggle between human law and divine law is a moral dilemma Antigone feels as she decides to go against the laws of the king. Antigone’s desire to bury Polyneices properly according a divine edict is challenged as she faces the hurdle to defy King Creon’s ruling. She acknowledges the importance of family and savors in the knowledge of defying the state. She ultimately succeeds in this moral quest to stand by belief in divine principle above and against the power and authority of the state, despite her suicide.…
Maximus is seeking “the good life,” but is being tested the whole time by outside forces that he can’t control. He is able to control his emotions to an extent, but is even forced to give in when his family is murdered in his home farm. He says later on in the movie that, “My name is Maximus Decimus Meridius”…”Father to a murdered son, husband to a murdered wife. And I will have my vengeance, in this life or the next.” This excerpt from the movie is very important in showing how Franzoni inserts stoicism into the movie, because Maximus has finally gained control over his emotions, but also shows that he isn’t as stoical as Epictetus taught. When he returns home to his farm to find his family crucified, his emotion takes over, and he moves from the world of pleasure to the deepest recesses of the world of pain. Although this does conflict with the whole idea of stoicism, Maximus is able to restore his composure and stoicism and achieve ataraxia later on in the movie, as stated in the quote. By resembling a stoic, Maximus follows the teachings of Epictetus. Epictetus says, “Do not seek to have everything that happens happen as you wish, but wish for everything to happen as it actually does happen, and your life will be serene”(191). Maximus does this because he accepts that his son and wife were killed, not because he wished them dead, but…
In Epictetus’ Enchiridion, Epictetus claims that people are upset not by the things themselves but by their judgements about the things. This is because people are not in control of what happens to them, but they are in control of their own response. Therefore, the only things in life worth worrying about are those that are within the individual’s control. Worrying about anything else is destined to end in disappointment or sorrow.…
Life as a Stoic is one focused on improving the world. In more specific terms, Epictetus believed the purpose of moral philosophy was to help show people the way to lead better lives. A life as a Stoic philosopher is therefore an ideal one for members of a society, for its focus is on improvement for all. However, for the actual individual, leading the life of a Stoic philosopher is difficult, for it commands that the individual subordinate his own ends to the ends and needs of his society. As such, life as a Stoic philosopher demands sacrifice. Thus, it is clear that the more Stoic philosophers in a society, the better. Yet, because it 's so difficult to live as a Stoic, regardless of how desirable such a life may be, doing so is impossible for many in anything but a small degree.…
Stoicism dates back to third century BC in Athens, changed many people’s lives. This philosophy is about a school that mainly teaches about Greek philosophies. With these beliefs gained from Stoicism, people developed idealism that impacted them greatly. Some learned how to believe in themselves and to be a great help to their surroundings. Stoics believed that virtue is the main key to Stoicism. This philosophy depends on one’s strength of will. Most stoics believed that good things and bad things will occur in everyone’s life—it is all set upon their actions, after all. The belief of Stoicism was to practice how to self-control their doings and to learn how to control/change their emotions without affecting one another. As to their belief, Stoics agreed that clearing your own mind will bring back positive outcomes, and also a better understanding of life. Being angry, envying something, and having jealousy should be avoided at all cost. This philosophy eventually lasted until three different periods past. It introduced a vast majority of the universe, physics, ethics, psychology, and political terms. Another popular philosophy during the BC era was Epicureanism. As similar to Stoicism, it also originated from the third century. Epicureans, who believed in one god or more, were convinced that a god will not interfere in anyone’s life. They believed that not having fear, or having a state of tranquility gained by living a glorious life, will bring great outcomes. Epicarus, the person who founded this philosophy, defined the meaning of Epicureanism. It is meant to erase any trouble from your mind, release your pain from your body, and to have a goal of living a long, happy life. His teachings taught many people how to overcome their goals and desires to live life to its fullest. But to live well required wisdom, moderation, justice, and courage.…
Epicureans believed that human bodies, as well as the rest of the world, were made up of atoms. This being the case, they reasoned that after death humans simply ceased to exist, which was contradictory to religious belief. Although they didn’t believe anything happened after death, they still believed in the gods. Their view was that the gods were real but humanity as a whole was of no concern to them. To be a follower, one had to accept this idea of indifferent gods and no afterlife. These ideas were the attributes that made freedom from fear possible. If death was truly the end, there was nothing to fear about dying. If gods were detached from humans, there was no godly wrath to be afraid of. The issues that made most people anxious, worried and fearful about life were explained logically by the Epicureans and liberated them from those fears, bringing them one step closer to ataraxia.…
Epicurus poses a hedonistic value system based on the two basic human values of pleasure and pain. Epicurus sees the pursuit of pleasure as the path for the good life. He finds that the ultimate good is pleasure; therefore living creatures by nature pursue pleasure and avoid pain. Epicurus believes that the goal of human life is to achieve tranquility, and to achieve this by fulfilling our pleasures. In an open letter inviting students to study philosophy, Epicurus begins by striving to dispel the fear of death from man. He makes the argument that since good and evil exist in sensation, and death is the absence of sensation, neither good nor evil is to be found in death so there is nothing to fear. Epicurus states, “since so long as we exist, death is not with us; but when death comes, then we do not exist,” (Singer, 1994, 189) effectively making the point that death is something that does not affect us until it is upon us. Epicurus makes this argument in order to further clarify his point that…