Kant, worked on ethics and wrote two general schools of thoughts. The first theory is consequentialist moral theories, which divides the thought of right and wrong based on the outcome and it consequence of an action, therefore the end justifies the means.The second theory is deontology which is similar to consequentialist but instead right and wrong based upon oneself. Thus categorical imperative was introduced, categorical imperative is based upon kant's idea that morality is derived by rationality and all moral judgement are rationally supported, in other words what’s right is right and what’s wrong is wrong. In more detail into categorical Imperative, there are three maxim, first maxim is all your actions must have universality. therefore for if you want to do something it must be okay for everyone else to do it, as Kant uses suicide as an example he says “is it contrary to my duty to take my life if i am in despair due to my many misfortunes? First, i should ask what if all though this way and acted upon it and became a law of nature” Second Maxim is every human should be treated as a end and not a mean, which means you’re not obligated nor allowed to manipulate someone no matter what. Third maxim one should act like you're the moral authority of the entire universe. As we compare this to Friedrich Nietzsche’s thoughts on morality we notice difference. immanuel Kant in…
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Kant writes about two formulations of his categorical imperative, the first being Universal law. The formulation of Universal Law is the basis of Categorical Imperative. It states that “Act only on that maxim [principal rule of conduct] whereby you can at the same time will that it would become a universal law” (Pojman and Vaughn 239). Universal law suggests that the maxim is an objective and universal…
The “moral law”, according to Kant, is when one is to act in accordance with the demands of practical reason, or acting done solely out of respect of duty. He says that moral laws will make you will in a certain way and is not subject to something further. Moral laws apply to all rational being in all places at all times. Overall, he believes that morality is on a basis of a priori, or preceding experience.…
Before revealing the essence of morality and outlining the three moral laws in the last part of the chapter, Kant discusses the form of morality. Firstly, Kant asserts laws to be the form morality takes to guide humans so that the objective necessity will correspond to the subjective necessity. Objective necessity or the actions dictated my reason are moral and good, whereas the subjective necessity is human will or the choices humans make, which may and may not be in accord with the voice of reason. It turns that the problem of immorality of human actions lies in the discrepancy of commands given by reason and those by human will. Here Kant proceeds to the idea of laws, which are needed to guide…
Kant philosophy has contributed in development of "pure" moral philosophy, a "metaphysics of morals" that is based on the concepts of reason, not on empirical observations. According to his philosophy moral obligations are applicable to all human beings as it applies not only for particular person in particular situation, but also to all rational beings in all circumstances.…
Kant's way of determining morality of actions is quite different from other philosophers, and many find it extremely hard to grasp or implausible. The central concept of his basic test for morality found in his Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals is the categorical imperative. "The representation of an objective principle, insofar as it is necessitating for a will, is called a command (of reason), and the formula of the command is called an imperative"(Kant, 24). In other words, an imperative is something that a will ought or shall do because the will is obligated to act in a way in which conforms to moral law. Imperatives can also be referred to as the supreme principle of morality.…
The categorical imperative is a way of testing possible actions. The maxim of universality is as follows : Act so that the totality of maxims from which you act are such that you can regard yourself as enacting through these maxims a unified scheme of public moral perceptions , the enforcing of which by all reasonable and rational persons . According to Kant, the correct way to think about ones actions are to contemplate whether or not one would like that action to happen to you. In other words, one should use the idea of the golden rule. He thinks that humanity should use this type of guideline, so that humans do not give into their natural ways, and see it in less personal terms.…
The categorical imperative describes Kant’s account for morality’s absolute and unconditional commandment, which dictates rational beings’ moral obligations and duties. From the notion and understanding of a ‘good will’, to that of ‘duty,’ springs out Kant’s three propositions that give rise to the categorical imperative’s first formulation. Through these propositions, the first formulation arrives at the fundamental principle of morality and thus the principle upon a good will must act. It can be read as follows: ‘Act only according to that maxim whereby you can the same time, will that it should become a universal law.’ In order to understand how it is that Kant arrived at this first formulation, first, I will present a close examination and definition of concepts such as ‘good will’ and ‘duty,’ and then analyze how these are incorporated in Kant’s three propositions that arrive at the categorical imperative itself through the explanation of his three propositions. Together with this will be certain limitations I have observed upon close examination of the text in this first section of Kant’s Groundwork.…
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According to Kant, categorical imperative is the basis of morality which is determined by a persons’ intent rather than their action. It is motivated by pure reasoning and must apply to everyone regardless of preference. For this reason, Kant introduced the principle of universalizability. It is a three part test using questions to determine if our actions are being universally consistent, fair or selfish. Kant also believes the only good without qualification is good will and only the action performed for the sake of duty are moral. Kant was committed to treating everyone with value, dignity and respect. Even today, Kant’s theories still have a direct impact on how morality is…
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It is both unethical and immoral for undocumented immigrants to use legitimate identification to receive similar benefits of those who are citizens of that country. The framework developed in this paper incorporates three main ingredients, firstly Kant’s first and second formulation of categorical imperatives as well as duty, secondly the social contract theory; primary the state of nature, and lastly honesty.…
Now Categorical Imperative on the other hand is driven by reason. Kant says “that categorical “oughts” are derived from an idea that everybody must accept” (pg 128) his idea behind categorical imperative is that you decide wither or not something is moral by first finding out what exactly the moral rule is or what is your maxim that you are contemplating, and then you have to ask yourself if you are ok with the idea that your maxim would become a universal law, to be followed by all people, all the time. If yes then it is an acceptable act if your answer is no then that act should not be committed.…
Immanuel Kant created a handful of formulations regarding his system of determining morality, the Categorical Imperative. James and Stuart Rachels in The Elements of Moral Philosophy, illuminate Kant's first and second Categorical Imperatives. While Kant claims the formulations are equivalent, they offer differing guidelines on how the Categorical Imperative is operated. Although the formulations share the same basis, the difference regarding how the formulations are adhered, is a large distinction difficult to ignore, and renders the two versions as separate subjects.…