What Is Neglect?
In today’s society, abuse in households has grown tremendously. Studies have been done in order to reveal the amount of abuse that goes on today. About one in four girls, are sexually assaulted before the age of 18, and about one in eight boys also suffer sexual assault before the age of 18. These numbers continue to grow each year, and researchers are continuing to study why. The term abuse does not just consider sexual assault, but any form of child neglect ( Beating, breaking bones, torture, burning). Neglect can also include holding the child back from forming other relationships, or from medical care, or education. After a child is exposed to any type of abuse, it is very important that they seek some sort of treatment in order to help
…show more content…
resolve the mental damage their abuser has caused. These children can suffer from severe depression, violent behavior, social issues, emotional damage, and physical damage. If these are not treated at a young age they can get worse as the child grows, and cause them major problems as they get older like marital issues or suicidal thoughts. There are a lot of “causes” of child abuse within a family; alcoholism, poverty, history of domestic abuse, disabilities, low income, stress, and uncontrollable emotions. In most cases, it may be very difficult to determine whether a child has been abused because most of them are too terrified to speak up. Some big things to look out for when trying to see if a child has been abused would be; signs of injuries, bruises, depression, unusuals fears, sexual behavior, stealing food, and underweight.
"Psychology Today." Child Abuse. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016.
Relate:
Psychological Disorders
Depression: Depression is a form of a mood disorder in which the person experiences a persistent feeling of sadness. In the case of an abused child, depression is very common. When a child is abused every day they start to believe that this torture will never end, leading them into a depressive state. It is very important that these children receive help very quickly, because if this is not treated it can quickly lead to major depressive disorder, a more sever form of depression. A child suffering from depression may experience a loss of interest in something they once loved, a lack of social behaviors, outbursts, sadness, changes in appetite, and anxiety.
("Depression (major Depressive Disorder)." Depression (major Depression). N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016. )
Major Depressive Disorder: A mood disorder that affects how the person feels, thinks, and behaves. It can lead to social issues, and effect the day to day life of an individual that has this disorder. If a child's depression is not treated it can lead to major depressive disorder. The child’s depression will start to interfere with their everyday life. For example the child may stop talking to other children or adults, they may become more distant, and avoiding public situations, and will be an emotional mess. Failure to treat this mood disorder can lead to further problems such as suicidal thoughts, trouble in social situations, and problems with forming new relationships.
("Depression (major Depressive Disorder)." Depression (major Depression). N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016.)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A feeling of intense stress or fear that is extensive and ongoing, and interferes with everyday life. An abused child can easily begin to suffer from an anxiety disorder because of all the neglect they are facing. Some symptoms of this disorder are; extensive worrying, difficulty concentrating, inability to relax, distress, fatigue, and trouble sleeping. This disorder can be very common in abused children because they are always receiving some sort of neglect or punishment which can cause the child to live in persistent fear, and without treatment can lead the child to have lasting anxiety about all sorts of things.
("Generalized Anxiety Disorder." Symptoms. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016. )
Personality
Learned Helplessness: When an individual feels as if they have no control over their environment. When a child is continuously abused, they begin to form a feeling of learned helplessness. They feel as if they have no control over the neglect they are receiving, and begin to take the abuse rather than fight it off. Some effects of learned helplessness are; less aggressive, increase in fear/anxiety, less eating and drinking, decrease in social dominance, and decrease in fight or flight. In most situations, the child begins to believe that they deserve this treatment, and start to accept it.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Authoritarian Parenting Style: An approach to child rearing that is characterized by high behavioral standards strict punishment of misconduct, and little communication. In most situations, the child’s abusers have a authoritarian parenting style. This is when the guardian sets strict guidelines for the child to follow, and if they fail to do so, there will be consequences.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Memory
Proactive Interference: Old information interfering with newly learned information. A child who is abused has a lot of problems as they grow up because of the events that took place during their childhood. As they grow, and try to move on from old events, those dark memories can easily interfere with the new positive memories they are trying to make.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
AP Psychology Final Exam
Schizophrenia | Psychology
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that affects over 2 million people in America, above the age of 18.
This disorder includes hearing internal voices speaking negative things, the feeling of people out to get them, and seeing things that are not there. These symptoms can be categorized into two groups; positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms refer to the presence of psychotic behaviors including; hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, and movement disorders. Negative symptoms refer to the disruptions to normal emotions and behaviors, these include; flat affect, need help with everyday tasks, lazy/unwilling to help themselves, and lack of pleasure. Symptoms may differ depending on the type of Schizophrenia. For example, Disorganized Schizophrenia may include problems with expressing certain ideas and showing little emotion, or Catatonic Schizophrenia may include a period in which the individual cannot move, or be active in any form. Many people wonder where exactly Schizophrenia comes from, genes and the environment or brain structure and function, and the answer is a little bit of both. Schizophrenia has been shown to be passed through families, and is more common in those who have family members suffering from Schizophrenia, rather than not having a family member with the disorder. Scientists have also noticed a change in dopamine, and glutamate, which are neurotransmitters in our brains, that have been linked to formed of Schizophrenia. There are many forms of treatments for Schizophrenia including; therapy, hospitalization, and medication. Though these treatments may be successful, the medications can cause lasting harmful effects on the
individual.
"Psychology Today." Schizophrenia. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016.
Review
Mental Disorders
Hallucinations: Perceptions or experiences that an individual has with the absence of an external stimulus. Hallucinations are positive symptoms of Schizophrenia in which the individuals believes that they are hearing and or seeing things that do not exist. It is very important that a person suffering from Schizophrenia takes medication to control their hallucinations.
("Psychology Today." Schizophrenia. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016.)
Delusions: False beliefs. Delusions are also classified as a positive symptoms of Schizophrenia in which the individual believes something that is not real. For example, the “A Beautiful Mind”, John Nash believes that he works for the government and that people are out to get him. These delusions are very real to the people who are experiencing them.
("Psychology Today." Schizophrenia. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016.)
Schizophrenia: Severe and chronic psychological disorder characterized by disturbances in thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior . Schizophrenia is a very common disorder that is mostly seen in individuals above the age of 18. Treatments of this disorder include; hospitalization, therapy, and medication. There is no definite cure for this disorder, only treatments that will help slow down the symptoms.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Positive Symptoms: Symptoms of Schizophrenia that include the presence of psychotic behaviors. Positive symptoms are one of the two categories that explain the symptoms of Schizophrenia. This group includes hallucinations, delusions, and thought and movement disorders.
("Psychology Today." Schizophrenia. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016.)
Negative Symptoms: Disruptions to normals behaviors and emotions. Negative symptoms are one of the two categories that explain the symptoms of Schizophrenia. This group includes the flat affect, lack of pleasure in everyday life, speaking little, and lack of activities.
("Psychology Today." Schizophrenia. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016.)
Catatonic Type: Subtype of schizophrenia characterized by bizarre movements, postures, or grimaces. This is one branch of Schizophrenia out of many.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Paranoid Type: Most common subtype of schizophrenia, characterized by the appearance of delusional thinking accompanied by frequent auditory hallucinations.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Disorganized Type: Subtype of schizophrenia characterized by confused behavior and disorganized delusions, among other features.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Neurotransmitters
Dopamine: A neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement, learning, pleasure, and memory. It has been shown to have an effect on those who suffer from Schizophrenia. This falls under the belief that brain structure and function are the reason some people are diagnosed with this disorder.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Glutamate: A major excitatory neurotransmitter that is involved in memory, and has also been linked to the idea that brain structure and function are the reason some people are diagnosed with this disorder.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Genetics
Genetics: The study of how traits are transmitted from one generation to the next. This is the other approach that scientists have taken to figure out where Schizophrenia comes from.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Genes: Control the transmission of traits and are found on the chromosomes. Scientist are studying how genes may be a cause of how Schizophrenia may be transmitted through other family members.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Works Cited
Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print
"Psychology Today." Schizophrenia. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016.
"Generalized Anxiety Disorder." Symptoms. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016
resolve the mental damage their abuser has caused. These children can suffer from severe depression, violent behavior, social issues, emotional damage, and physical damage. If these are not treated at a young age they can get worse as the child grows, and cause them major problems as they get older like marital issues or suicidal thoughts. There are a lot of “causes” of child abuse within a family; alcoholism, poverty, history of domestic abuse, disabilities, low income, stress, and uncontrollable emotions. In most cases, it may be very difficult to determine whether a child has been abused because most of them are too terrified to speak up. Some big things to look out for when trying to see if a child has been abused would be; signs of injuries, bruises, depression, unusuals fears, sexual behavior, stealing food, and underweight.
"Psychology Today." Child Abuse. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016.
Relate:
Psychological Disorders
Depression: Depression is a form of a mood disorder in which the person experiences a persistent feeling of sadness. In the case of an abused child, depression is very common. When a child is abused every day they start to believe that this torture will never end, leading them into a depressive state. It is very important that these children receive help very quickly, because if this is not treated it can quickly lead to major depressive disorder, a more sever form of depression. A child suffering from depression may experience a loss of interest in something they once loved, a lack of social behaviors, outbursts, sadness, changes in appetite, and anxiety.
("Depression (major Depressive Disorder)." Depression (major Depression). N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016. )
Major Depressive Disorder: A mood disorder that affects how the person feels, thinks, and behaves. It can lead to social issues, and effect the day to day life of an individual that has this disorder. If a child's depression is not treated it can lead to major depressive disorder. The child’s depression will start to interfere with their everyday life. For example the child may stop talking to other children or adults, they may become more distant, and avoiding public situations, and will be an emotional mess. Failure to treat this mood disorder can lead to further problems such as suicidal thoughts, trouble in social situations, and problems with forming new relationships.
("Depression (major Depressive Disorder)." Depression (major Depression). N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016.)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A feeling of intense stress or fear that is extensive and ongoing, and interferes with everyday life. An abused child can easily begin to suffer from an anxiety disorder because of all the neglect they are facing. Some symptoms of this disorder are; extensive worrying, difficulty concentrating, inability to relax, distress, fatigue, and trouble sleeping. This disorder can be very common in abused children because they are always receiving some sort of neglect or punishment which can cause the child to live in persistent fear, and without treatment can lead the child to have lasting anxiety about all sorts of things.
("Generalized Anxiety Disorder." Symptoms. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016. )
Personality
Learned Helplessness: When an individual feels as if they have no control over their environment. When a child is continuously abused, they begin to form a feeling of learned helplessness. They feel as if they have no control over the neglect they are receiving, and begin to take the abuse rather than fight it off. Some effects of learned helplessness are; less aggressive, increase in fear/anxiety, less eating and drinking, decrease in social dominance, and decrease in fight or flight. In most situations, the child begins to believe that they deserve this treatment, and start to accept it.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Authoritarian Parenting Style: An approach to child rearing that is characterized by high behavioral standards strict punishment of misconduct, and little communication. In most situations, the child’s abusers have a authoritarian parenting style. This is when the guardian sets strict guidelines for the child to follow, and if they fail to do so, there will be consequences.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Memory
Proactive Interference: Old information interfering with newly learned information. A child who is abused has a lot of problems as they grow up because of the events that took place during their childhood. As they grow, and try to move on from old events, those dark memories can easily interfere with the new positive memories they are trying to make.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
AP Psychology Final Exam
Schizophrenia | Psychology
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that affects over 2 million people in America, above the age of 18.
This disorder includes hearing internal voices speaking negative things, the feeling of people out to get them, and seeing things that are not there. These symptoms can be categorized into two groups; positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms refer to the presence of psychotic behaviors including; hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, and movement disorders. Negative symptoms refer to the disruptions to normal emotions and behaviors, these include; flat affect, need help with everyday tasks, lazy/unwilling to help themselves, and lack of pleasure. Symptoms may differ depending on the type of Schizophrenia. For example, Disorganized Schizophrenia may include problems with expressing certain ideas and showing little emotion, or Catatonic Schizophrenia may include a period in which the individual cannot move, or be active in any form. Many people wonder where exactly Schizophrenia comes from, genes and the environment or brain structure and function, and the answer is a little bit of both. Schizophrenia has been shown to be passed through families, and is more common in those who have family members suffering from Schizophrenia, rather than not having a family member with the disorder. Scientists have also noticed a change in dopamine, and glutamate, which are neurotransmitters in our brains, that have been linked to formed of Schizophrenia. There are many forms of treatments for Schizophrenia including; therapy, hospitalization, and medication. Though these treatments may be successful, the medications can cause lasting harmful effects on the
individual.
"Psychology Today." Schizophrenia. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016.
Review
Mental Disorders
Hallucinations: Perceptions or experiences that an individual has with the absence of an external stimulus. Hallucinations are positive symptoms of Schizophrenia in which the individuals believes that they are hearing and or seeing things that do not exist. It is very important that a person suffering from Schizophrenia takes medication to control their hallucinations.
("Psychology Today." Schizophrenia. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016.)
Delusions: False beliefs. Delusions are also classified as a positive symptoms of Schizophrenia in which the individual believes something that is not real. For example, the “A Beautiful Mind”, John Nash believes that he works for the government and that people are out to get him. These delusions are very real to the people who are experiencing them.
("Psychology Today." Schizophrenia. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016.)
Schizophrenia: Severe and chronic psychological disorder characterized by disturbances in thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior . Schizophrenia is a very common disorder that is mostly seen in individuals above the age of 18. Treatments of this disorder include; hospitalization, therapy, and medication. There is no definite cure for this disorder, only treatments that will help slow down the symptoms.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Positive Symptoms: Symptoms of Schizophrenia that include the presence of psychotic behaviors. Positive symptoms are one of the two categories that explain the symptoms of Schizophrenia. This group includes hallucinations, delusions, and thought and movement disorders.
("Psychology Today." Schizophrenia. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016.)
Negative Symptoms: Disruptions to normals behaviors and emotions. Negative symptoms are one of the two categories that explain the symptoms of Schizophrenia. This group includes the flat affect, lack of pleasure in everyday life, speaking little, and lack of activities.
("Psychology Today." Schizophrenia. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016.)
Catatonic Type: Subtype of schizophrenia characterized by bizarre movements, postures, or grimaces. This is one branch of Schizophrenia out of many.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Paranoid Type: Most common subtype of schizophrenia, characterized by the appearance of delusional thinking accompanied by frequent auditory hallucinations.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Disorganized Type: Subtype of schizophrenia characterized by confused behavior and disorganized delusions, among other features.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Neurotransmitters
Dopamine: A neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement, learning, pleasure, and memory. It has been shown to have an effect on those who suffer from Schizophrenia. This falls under the belief that brain structure and function are the reason some people are diagnosed with this disorder.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Glutamate: A major excitatory neurotransmitter that is involved in memory, and has also been linked to the idea that brain structure and function are the reason some people are diagnosed with this disorder.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Genetics
Genetics: The study of how traits are transmitted from one generation to the next. This is the other approach that scientists have taken to figure out where Schizophrenia comes from.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Genes: Control the transmission of traits and are found on the chromosomes. Scientist are studying how genes may be a cause of how Schizophrenia may be transmitted through other family members.
(Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print.)
Works Cited
Myers, David G. Myers' Psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth, 2011. Print
"Psychology Today." Schizophrenia. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016.
"Generalized Anxiety Disorder." Symptoms. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 June 2016