What Is Psychology Ch 1,2,3

Farah cabe
Psychology 2010

Ch,1,2,3 text Homework
6) Like Wilhelm Wundt’s structuralism, Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory emphasized
C) menatal processes
Study sets with a 'psychoanalytic theory' term meaning 'a theory developed by freud that attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior.
12) Glial cells
a) Form myelin
Supporting elements, blood brain barrier, dilate blood vessels. oligodendrocyte and Schwann, secrete cerebrospinal fluid. Fatty substances produced by certain glial cells that coat the axons of neurons to insulate, protect, and speed up the neural impulse.
17) A person whose cerebellum is damaged would most likely experience problems with
c) Physical coordination
The "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; it helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance. Extent flexibility: degree of bending, stretching, twisting of body, arms, legs dynamic flexibility: speed of bending, stretching, twisting of body, arms, legs gross body coordination: coordinating movement of body, arms, and legs in activities that involve all three together gross body equilibrium: ability to regain balance in contexts where balance in upset | |
18) Which of the following plays an important role in sleep, attention, and consciousness?
d) Reticular formation
Study sets with a 'reticular formation' term meaning 'a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal.
21) Which part of the brain forms the outside covering of the hemispheres?
d) The cortex
The cerebrum or cortex is the largest part of the human brain, associated with higher brain function such as thought and action. The cerebral cortex is divided into four sections, called "lobes": the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe .Each hemisphere is divided into 5 lobes: Occipital, Parietal, Frontal, Piriform, and Temporal.
22) Regarding male-female differences in the brain, research presented in the textbook suggests that:
b) The anterior commissure tends to be larger in females.
The anterior commissure, a fiber tract that is larger in its midsagittal area in women than in men, was examined in 90 postmortem brains from homosexual men,Heterosexual men and heterosexual women. The midsagittal plane of the anterior commissure in homosexual men was 18% Larger than in heterosexual women and 34% larger than in Heterosexual men.

23) A person with a split –brain is most likely to have suffered from:
b) Epilepsy
Split-brain is a lay term to describe the result when the corpus colosum connecting the two hemispheres of the brain is severed to some degree. It is an association of symptoms produced by disruption of or interference with the connection between the hemispheres of the brain. The surgical operation to produce this condition is called corpus calosotomy and is usually used as a last resort to treat refractory epilepsy Initially, partial callosotomies are performed; if this operation does not succeed, a complete callosotomy is performed to mitigate the risk of accidental physical injury by reducing the severity and violence of epileptic seizures Prior to colostomies, epilepsy is treated through pharmaceutical means. Epilepsy is a common and diverse set of chronic neurological disorders characterized by seizures. Some definitions of epilepsy require that seizures be recurrent and unprovoked. But others require only a single seizure combined with brain alterations which increase the chance of future seizures. In many cases a cause cannot be identified; however, factors that are associated include brain trauma, strokes, brain cancer, and drug and alcohol misuse among others.
25) Both the lens and the cornea of the eye have a primary function of:
b) Bending light
The cornea (the transparent front part of the eye) and lens together form the equivalent of the camera lens. About two-thirds of the bending of light necessary for focusing takes place at the air-cornea interface, where the light enters the eye. The lens of the eye supplies the remaining third of the focusing power, but its main job is to make the necessary adjustments to focus on objects at various distances.
30) which of the following is false regarding taste buds?
d) Taste buds cannot grow back after they are damaged.
Taste buds go through a life cycle where they grow from basal cells into taste cells and then die and are sloughed away. According to Dr. Bartoshuk, their normal life cycle is anywhere from 10 days to two weeks. However, "burning your tongue on hot foods can also kill taste buds," she says. "But they grow right back, which is why the ability to taste doesn't diminish with age." Though Dr. Bartoshuk notes that taste remains robust as we get older.
31) If you put your favorite food in your mouth but can’t taste it momentarily, it is most likely because the food is on the c) Middle of the tongue.
The tongue is an internal organ that we can see externally. Fortunately for us, because we can see it, under examination, this important organ reveals what is happening with the organs we cannot see. We can use the tongues indication to help us nurture the organs back into a healthy state.
Different parts of the tongue are related to different organs in the body: Back, front, side, middle. Middle of the tongue: intestines, pancreas & stomach, heart.
33) which of the following is true regarding the sense od smell?
c) We smell something when volatile chemicals evaporate and the remaining molecules get inhaled and come in contact with the olfactory epithelium.

First off, chemicals might be detected as "odors" or "odorants" (smell is what our nose does). Odors are detected through our olfactory sense by the olfactory "chemoreceptors"...dogs have as much as 40, 000,000 per square centimeter. Odorants are volatile chemicals that are detected in the inhaled air by the olfactory epithelium located in the roof of the two nasal cavities just below and between the eyes and above the roof of the mouth. The olfactory epithelium in humans is about 2.5 square centimeters containing, in total, about 50 million primary sensory receptor cells.
39) The ponzo illusion occurs when
c) lines of equal length that lie across converging lines appear to be unequal in length.
In the Ponzo illusion, two identically-sized lines appear to be different sizes when placed over parallel lines that seem to converge as they recede into the distance. The Ponzo illusion was first demonstrated in 1913 by an Italian psychologist named Mario Ponzo. The reason the top horizontal line looks longer is because we interpret the scene using linear perspective. Since the vertical parallel lines seem to grow closer as they move further away, we interpret the top line as being further off in the distance. An object in the distance would need to be longer in order for it to appear the same size as a near object, so the top "far" line is seen as being longer than the bottom "near" line, even though they are the same size.
40) Which of the following people is least likely to experience the Mueller – Lyer Illusion?
d) All of these people are equally likely to experience the Mueller-Lyer illusion.
In the three-dimensional world, depth perception concerns judging distance. The closer an object is to the retina; the larger it is on the retina. However, in the two-dimensional world of the Muller-Lyer illusion, our brain makes assumptions about the relative depths of the two shafts based on monocular (pictorial) cues. We are used to seeing outside corners of buildings as near to us with the top and bottom of the corner sloping out and away (like the outward slanting fins of the Muller-Lyer illusion). We are used to seeing inside corners of buildings as farther from us with the top and bottom of the corner sloping in somewhat towards us (like the inward slanting fins of the Muller-Lyer illusion).