What Is Raul Alfonsin's Military Transition To Democracy?
The months and even years after the coup were difficult in Argentina since the dictatorship was in power. There were many consequences of the coup. Repression took form in some ways such as abduction, torture, detention and execution. As for the abductions, a pact performed the crimes during the night and after the abductions took all the possessions in the house. For those kidnapped, torture included an electric blanket and sexual abuse. He suffered psychological torture in addition to physical torture as it is almost more difficult to see the executions of his family, something that happened to the victims. Pregnant women did not receive any medical care and even had to sacrifice their newborn babies to the military, which shows us the brutality of torture. In most cases, "the dead bodies were hidden, buried in
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unmarked graves or even in tombs that the victims had to dig for themselves before the execution or were thrown into the sea." (Romero, 2002) These measures were implemented so the government could say that some deaths did not occur, only disappearances. There were 30,000 disappearances that occurred between 1976 and 1978 as a genocide of the society that drove the country in misery.
Another political consequence included the destruction of political parties as "parties and all political activity were prohibited, in addition to the labor movement and the activity of the unions." (Romero, 2002) That is why Argentina was a country without free expression in That the population could not say what they want and lived in a state of terror. "Everyone became isolated and defenseless against a terrorist state - established 'a culture of terror.'" (Romero, 2002) Therefore, some in the population fled and others remained in internal exile in Argentina.
The minister of economy in the Videla era was Jose Alfredo Martinez de Hoz who came to power after the time 'rodrigazo'. When the paper came in, the country was suffering with hyperinflation and a recession and that is why Martínez de Hoz started Some economic reforms. First, between April 1976 and May 1977 he attempted to "manipulate relative prices and impose dramatic deflation in addition to a large reliance on" free-market "mechanisms and a reduction of intervention by the state" (O'Brien and Cammack 1985) It started with a reduction in government spending, increased taxes, and stopped tax evasion. In addition to this, he initiated the 'convergence model' where there was 'a continuation of the devaluation of the low weight of the level of price increases to try to force inflation to decline' (O'Brien and Cammack, 1985) It wanted to attract local and foreign investment and was generally a success in the agricultural sector but in the industrial sector it was more difficult because companies had to compete with the cheaper prices of imports. However in 1982, under the presidency of Galtieri, the economy was in a very unstable position since the foreign debt was almost 40 trillion dollars, is more than 60 percent of GDP. (O'Brien and Cammack, 1985)
However, the British were successful in the Malvinas War, which led to a return to democracy as the military were isolated without the support of their country.
In June 1982, Raul Alfonsin said, "the armed forces did not deserve this victory, and the people did not deserve this government. A civilian transition to democracy should now begin "(Pion-Berlin, 1985 p.56). Although this played an important role in the fall, there were other causes. Although the regime began as a strong unit, "a lost confidence in the objectives of the regime and the emergence of personal and ideological divisions within the range" (Pion-Berlin, 1985) also contributed to the fall of the military. In March 1980, the collapse of Banco Intercambio Regional and three other banks in Argentina and many industries could not repay debts, which led to more economic problems than the military and Martínez de Hoz could not solve (Pion- Berlin, 1985). That is why it is clear that military authoritarianism falls because of the consequences of a government without direction. The military dictatorship officially came to an end in 1983 when Raul Alfonsin became president in democratic
elections.
unmarked graves or even in tombs that the victims had to dig for themselves before the execution or were thrown into the sea." (Romero, 2002) These measures were implemented so the government could say that some deaths did not occur, only disappearances. There were 30,000 disappearances that occurred between 1976 and 1978 as a genocide of the society that drove the country in misery.
Another political consequence included the destruction of political parties as "parties and all political activity were prohibited, in addition to the labor movement and the activity of the unions." (Romero, 2002) That is why Argentina was a country without free expression in That the population could not say what they want and lived in a state of terror. "Everyone became isolated and defenseless against a terrorist state - established 'a culture of terror.'" (Romero, 2002) Therefore, some in the population fled and others remained in internal exile in Argentina.
The minister of economy in the Videla era was Jose Alfredo Martinez de Hoz who came to power after the time 'rodrigazo'. When the paper came in, the country was suffering with hyperinflation and a recession and that is why Martínez de Hoz started Some economic reforms. First, between April 1976 and May 1977 he attempted to "manipulate relative prices and impose dramatic deflation in addition to a large reliance on" free-market "mechanisms and a reduction of intervention by the state" (O'Brien and Cammack 1985) It started with a reduction in government spending, increased taxes, and stopped tax evasion. In addition to this, he initiated the 'convergence model' where there was 'a continuation of the devaluation of the low weight of the level of price increases to try to force inflation to decline' (O'Brien and Cammack, 1985) It wanted to attract local and foreign investment and was generally a success in the agricultural sector but in the industrial sector it was more difficult because companies had to compete with the cheaper prices of imports. However in 1982, under the presidency of Galtieri, the economy was in a very unstable position since the foreign debt was almost 40 trillion dollars, is more than 60 percent of GDP. (O'Brien and Cammack, 1985)
However, the British were successful in the Malvinas War, which led to a return to democracy as the military were isolated without the support of their country.
In June 1982, Raul Alfonsin said, "the armed forces did not deserve this victory, and the people did not deserve this government. A civilian transition to democracy should now begin "(Pion-Berlin, 1985 p.56). Although this played an important role in the fall, there were other causes. Although the regime began as a strong unit, "a lost confidence in the objectives of the regime and the emergence of personal and ideological divisions within the range" (Pion-Berlin, 1985) also contributed to the fall of the military. In March 1980, the collapse of Banco Intercambio Regional and three other banks in Argentina and many industries could not repay debts, which led to more economic problems than the military and Martínez de Hoz could not solve (Pion- Berlin, 1985). That is why it is clear that military authoritarianism falls because of the consequences of a government without direction. The military dictatorship officially came to an end in 1983 when Raul Alfonsin became president in democratic
elections.