What Is The Cause Of Alzheimer's Disease?
BELTEI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Foreign Languages
Bachelor of Arts in English
(BA)
Year 3 Semester 1
Major Assignment
Topic: Unit II
Prepared by:
Lecturer: Suy Sareth
Group: I
Room: Year 3
Academic Year: 2013-2014
Group Register
Prepared by
Sex
Assignation
1. Mr. Seng Prosnor
M
Group leader
2. Miss Chun Chanry
F
Member
3. Mr. Mol Channara
M
Member
4. Mr. Long Sambo
M
Signature
Member
i
Declaration
We, group 1, hereby declare that in the process of preparing the assignment research, I did not consult the help of other people, but our group members. In the process of conducting this assignment, I hereby ascertain the originality of the content sources …show more content…
and the product shall be credited to its origin. This research has never been presented to any other examining committee or lecturer in this or similar format
I am clearly aware of the fact any false of declaration will lead to legal consequences. Phnom Penh, May 5, 2013
For. Group I
ii
3
Table of content
``
Title
Page
Group register
i
Declaration
ii
Table of content
iii
Acknowledgement
iv
Introduction
1
Starter
2
Reading and Speaking (Losing her words)
3
Listening and Speaking (Oscar Wilde)
4
Vocabulary (Phrasal Verbs)
6
Language Focus (Tense Review)
15
References
21
iii
4
Acknowledgement
First of all, We would like to express my sincerest appreciation to all those people who have assisted me to edit and proofread this assignment from the beginning to the end of the research.
First and foremost, we would like to profoundly thank our family; especially our parents who have given us birth and care, and brought us up in a good environment1.
Most importantly, we would like to thank to our experienced and helpful lecturer,
Prof. Sareth Suy, who have provided us with a great deal of advice, guidance 2, and the opportunity to write the assignment which we have never ever tried before.
Finally, we are looking forward to getting feedbacks3 and constructive advices4 from you all.
Phnom Penh, May 5, 2013
For : Group I
1
Is the circumstance or air around us
Instruction
3
Consideration of detailed illustration
4
Recommendation
2
iv
Introduction
The theme of this unit is literature and literary people. The main reading text is a newspaper article about a meeting with Iris Murdoch, the famous Angle-Irish novelist. It deals with her loving relationship with her husband, and the fact that at the time of her husband, and the fact that at the time of the interview she was losing her powers as a writer because she was in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease.
1
2
Never lost for Words!
Phrasal Verb, Tense review, Sounds and spelling
SUMMARY LESSON
STARTER: Cover and Type of Book
The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien: Type of an fantasy book
Fair Game by Elizabeth
Young: Type of a modern romance (Chick Lit)
Cider with Rosie by Laurie
Lee: Type of an autobiography book
Hamlet by Wiliam
Shakespeare: Type of a classical drama book
A Time to Kill by John
Grisham: Type of a thriller book The Lost Continent by Bill
Bryson: Type of a travel story book
2
READING AND SPEAKING
Losing her words
MURDOCH, Iris Jean
1919-1999
She was born in Dublin. She read classics at Oxford University, then worked for four years in UN refugee camp. Her first novel Under the Net, published in 1954, was an immediate success. Other titles include The Scandcastle, The Bell, and The Sea, The sea, for which she was awarded the
Booker prize.
In 1956 she married John Bayled, a professor of English Literature at Oxford. They had a long, happy, if unusual marriage, but no children.
Iris was still writing in her late 70s. Her 26th and last novel, Jackson 's Dilemma, published in 1995, was written whilst she was suffering from the beginnings of Alzheimer 's Disease.
She died in 1999.
The Oscar-winning film, Iris (2002), starring Judi Dench and Kate Winslet, tell the story of her love affair with John Bayley and her tragic struggle with the disease.
A VISIT TO IRIS MURDOCH
The journalist Joanna Coles interviewed Iris Murdoch at her home in Oxfordshire shortly before the novelist was diagnosed as suffering from Alzheimer’s Disease.
Part 1
Wild piles of books and papers
This part mention about getting Iris home of Joanna Coles, Journalist: When he gets her home, he sees her husband, Bayley, welcome him with cheery face that appears at the window, chewing baked beans. Then Bayley invite him go enter. After that, Bayley whisks him through a chaotic hall, past a vast, unsteady pyramid of books and into the most eccentric drawing room he have ever seen.
As he sits down, Iri Murdoch spirals gracefully into the room, and he suddenly notice there’s an abandoned glass of red wine tucked away under each armchair, as if perhaps in case of emergency.
3
Part 2
Just a bit of writer’s block
When Iris sees Joanna, she says Hello to him. Then, Joanna explains her why he is here although …show more content…
he already explains her on phone. That time, he worried she may think he rude if he asks her why she has stopped writing. After that, she and her husband tried to explain her difficulty with writing in different explanation.
Later, she doesn’t finish sentences. She says thins in an absent way. She describes what she is experiencing in terms of darkness and falling.
Part 3
Utterly at ease with each other
This part indicates the relationship of Murdoch and Bayley: Bayley returns with a jug of coffee. Iris orders him to pour, and Bayley repeats her word in kidding cheerfully. Joanna thinks of their relationship that it is not only touching, it’s still fresh and young, making sense of what marriage is for. Despite Iris’s problems Iris and her husband seem utterly at ease with each other.
Joanna wonders why they have no children. Then he says that Iris has never been interested in being a mum, and says that is typical of treat women writers. He doesn’t seem bitter. Finally, Joanna notes of optimism that he quotes the doctors as saying that the brain can find its way round a block after a while. LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Oscar Wilde
Born
16 October 1854, Dublin, Ireland
Died
30 November 1900 (aged 46)
Paris, France
Occupation
Writer, Poet, Playwright
Language
English, French
Nationality
Irish
Alma mater
Trinity College, Dublin, Magdalen College,
Oxford
Period
Victorian era
Genres
Drama, short story, dialogue, journalism
4
Literary
Aestheticism
movement
Notable
The Importance of Being Earnest, The
work(s)
Picture of Dorian Gray
Spouse(s)
Constance Lloyd (1884–1898)
Children
Cyril Holland, Vyvyan Holland
Signature
1. I have nothing to declare but my genius!
“To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance.”
You are never able to truely love someone else until you love yourself so if you are happy with yourself than you will be happy - instead of seeking out someone else to provide a false happiness.
"There is no such thing as a moral or immoral book. Books are either well written or badly written. That is all." - Oscar Wilde
Upon his release, Oscar wrote The Ballad of Reading Gaol, a response to the agony he experienced in prison. It was published shortly before Constance 's death in 1898.
“What does Oscar wilde mean by There is only one thing in life worse than being talked about and that is not being talked about?”
Being talked about means being notorious, a subject of gossip. But if one is so notorious that one 's behaviour cannot even be mentioned in polite company, that 's worse.
What is the meaning of “I never travel without my diary. One should have something sensational to read?”
You gotta love Wilde, don 't you? He 's saying that he lives a fabulous life and writes well about it.
I can resist everything, except temptation! Oscar Wilde
Is this how you look when eating your treats? Me neither! What motivates us? I need to talk about motivation. A lot of people ask me how I stayed motivated, especially on weeks such as this hereby life is not giving you a chance to prepare or plan your meals properly. Or when it 's just easier to eat anything else.
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VOCABULARY
Phrasal verb
A phrasal verb is a combination of words (a verb + a preposition or verb +adverb) that when used together, usually take on a different meaning to that of the original
1. break down, check in, tear up
When we use phrasal verbs, we use them like normal verbs in a sentence, regardless if it’s a regular or irregular verb.
1. Ella tore up the letter after she read it.
2. Their car broke down two miles out of town.
3. Did the manager deal with that customer’s complaint.
4. The child ran away from its parents.
5. My mom set me up with her friend 's son.
1. Phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by a preposition
Some phrasal verbs consist of a verb followed by a preposition. As has been seen in previous chapters, it is very common for English verbs to be followed by prepositions. However, in the case of a phrasal verb, the verb followed by the preposition forms an expression with an idiomatic meaning. For instance, the phrasal verb to come across is an idiomatic expression with the meaning to find.
Similarly, the phrasal verb to frown on is an idiomatic expression with the meaning to disapprove of. e.g. We came across an old diary while we were cleaning out the attic.
The workers frowned on the practice of smoking in the office.
It should be noted that some phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by a preposition can be used in the Passive Voice.
e.g. The practice of smoking in the office was frowned on by the workers.
The children were looked after by their aunt.
In these examples, the phrasal verbs to frown on and to look after are used in the Passive Voice.
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The following are examples of phrasal verbs which consist of a verb followed by a preposition. Each phrasal verb is followed by its meaning and an example of its use.
Verbs Followed by Prepositions abide by: adhere to
We abided by the rules.
account for: explain
He accounted for the discrepancy.
ask for: request
They asked for an extension.
bank on: depend on
We are banking on good weather tomorrow.
bear with: be patient with
Please bear with the delay.
border on: be near, be next to
Their excitement bordered on hysteria.
break into: enter by force
Thieves broke into the store.
build on: develop from
We want to build on our success.
burst into: suddenly enter
He burst into the room.
call for: demand
This calls for an investigation.
call on: ask, order
We will call on you to give a speech.
come across: find accidentally
She came across some old papers.
A. The position of the object of the preposition
The object of a preposition usually follows the preposition, whether the object is a noun or a pronoun. In the following examples, the objects are underlined.
e.g. We have launched into a new project.
We have launched into it.
In these examples, the noun project and the pronoun it are the objects of the preposition into of the phrasal verb to launch into. Both the noun object and the pronoun object follow the preposition.
B. The position of an adverb of manner modifying the verb
If a verb is followed by a preposition, an adverb of manner may be placed between the verb and the preposition. In the following examples, the adverbs of manner are underlined.
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e.g. We reasoned patiently with the little girl.
I leafed quickly through the book.
In the first example, the adverb of manner patiently is placed between the verb reasoned and the preposition with of the phrasal verb to reason with. In the second example, the adverb of manner quickly is placed between the verb leafed and the preposition through of the phrasal verb to leaf through. C. Stress in spoken English
When a verb followed by a preposition occurs at the end of a clause, it is usually the verb which is stressed in spoken English. In the following examples, the words which are stressed are printed in bold type.
e.g. No one likes to be laughed at.
I need someone to confide in.
In the first example, the verb laughed followed by the preposition at occurs at the end of a clause, and the verb laughed is stressed. In the second example, the verb confide followed by the preposition in occurs at the end of a clause, and the verb confide is stressed.
It should be noted that, when used in a phrasal verb at the end of a clause, the prepositions after, into and over are often pronounced with somewhat greater emphasis than the verb. In this case, both the verb and the preposition are stressed. For example:
The twins are easy to look after.
The building would be difficult to break into.
You 'll never guess whom I ran into.
I heard that someone was run over.
The prepositions above, across and through are also occasionally emphasized in this way. For example: The research papers were difficult to wade through.
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D. Expressions in which the verb has an object
In the case of some phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by a preposition, the verb and the preposition may each have an object. In the following examples, the objects are underlined.
e.g. I can make nothing of the situation.
We talked my sister into agreeing.
In the first example, the verb make of the phrasal verb to make of has the object nothing, and the preposition of has the object situation. In the second example, the verb talked of the phrasal verb to talk into has the object sister, and the preposition into has the object agreeing.
The following are examples of phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by a preposition, where the verb may have an object. The objects of the verbs are underlined. Each phrasal verb is followed by its meaning and an example of its use. The last example illustrates the use of the Passive Voice.
Verbs followed by Objects followed by Prepositions drag into: involve unwillingly
Don 't drag me into this discussion!
draw into: involve gradually
We managed to draw her into the conversation.
drum into: teach by repetition
We drummed the safety rules into the children.
frighten into: control by fear
The little girl frightened her brother into obeying her.
hold against: blame for
Please don 't hold my mistakes against me.
lay before: present to
We will lay the evidence before the court.
let into: allow to share
Shall we let her into the secret?
make of: understand
Can you make anything of this message?
2. Phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by an adverb
Many phrasal verbs consist of a verb followed by an adverb. Some of these phrasal verbs are intransitive and some are transitive.
For instance, the intransitive phrasal verb to show up is formed from the verb to show followed by the adverb up. In the following example, the phrasal verb does not have an object.
At ten o 'clock, her brother showed up.
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The following are examples of intransitive phrasal verbs which consist of a verb followed by an adverb. Each phrasal verb is followed by its meaning and an example of its use.
Intransitive Verbs followed by Adverbs blow over: pass
I wonder when the trouble will blow over.
boil away: disappear by boiling
If the water boils away, the stew will burn.
boil over: overflow by boiling
The soup boiled over.
bounce back: recover
He bounced back from his previous defeat.
buckle down: work seriously
You may fail your courses if you don 't buckle down to work.
catch on: be widely accepted
Do you think the idea will catch on?
cloud over: become overcast
Although it clouded over in the afternoon, the rain held off.
The transitive phrasal verb to sort out is formed from the verb to sort followed by the adverb out.
For example:
We sorted out the papers.
In this example, the phrasal verb sorted out has the object papers.
The following are examples of transitive phrasal verbs which consist of a verb followed by an adverb. Each phrasal verb is followed by its meaning and an example of its use.
Transitive Verbs followed by Adverbs back up: support
I will back up your story.
bail out: rescue
If you run into difficulties, who will bail you out?
break in: make something new fit for use I broke in my new hiking boots.
breathe in: inhale
We breathed in the fresh air.
breathe out: exhale
I breathed out a sigh of relief.
bring back: return
She brought back her library books.
bring around: persuade
We gradually brought her around to our point of view.
bring up: raise
Bringing up children is never easy.
butter up: flatter
We buttered him up, hoping that he would agree to our proposal. 10
a. The position of the object of the verb
In the case of transitive phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by an adverb, if the object of the verb is a noun, the object can usually either follow or precede the adverb. In the following examples, the objects are underlined.
e.g. I called off the meeting.
I called the meeting off.
In the first example the object meeting follows the adverb off, while in the second example the object meeting precedes the adverb off.
However, in the case of a few phrasal verbs, a noun object must usually follow the adverb.
e.g. We attempted to smooth over the disagreement.
In this example, the phrasal verb to smooth over is followed by the noun object disagreement. In this case, the object disagreement cannot be placed before the adverb over.
The following are examples of transitive phrasal verbs where a noun object must usually follow the adverb. Each phrasal verb is accompanied by its meaning and an example of its use. The objects of the verbs are underlined.
Verbs followed by Adverbs followed by Noun Objects drum up: raise
She has drummed up support for the plan.
paper over: repair superficially
They attempted to paper over their differences.
smooth over: improve
We tried to smooth over the situation.
In the case of transitive phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by an adverb, if the object of the verb is a pronoun, the object must usually precede the adverb. In the following examples, the pronoun objects are underlined.
e.g. I called it off.
We attempted to smooth it over.
In these examples, the pronoun object it precedes the adverbs off and over.
Most transitive phrasal verbs may be used in the Passive Voice.
e.g. The meeting was called off by me.
The disagreement was smoothed over.
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In these examples, the phrasal verbs to call off and to smooth over are used in the Passive Voice.
b. The position of an adverb of manner modifying the verb
In the case of a phrasal verb consisting of a verb followed by an adverb, the verb and the adverb usually may not be separated by an adverb of manner. In the following example, the adverb of manner is underlined.
e.g. I hurriedly called off the meeting.
In this example, the adverb of manner hurriedly precedes the phrasal verb called off. The adverb hurriedly may also be placed at the beginning or the end of the sentence, but may not be placed between the verb called and the adverb off.
c. Stress in spoken English
When a phrasal verb consisting of a verb followed by an adverb occurs at the end of a clause, it is usually the adverb which is stressed in spoken English. In the following examples, the words which are stressed are printed ion bold type.
e.g. How did that come about?
Please drop in whenever you have time.
In the first example, the verb come followed by the adverb about occurs at the end of a clause, and the adverb about is stressed. In the second example, the verb drop followed by the adverb in occurs at the end of a clause, and the adverb in is stressed.
d. Ergative verbs
It should be noted that there are a few phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by an adverb, which have the same meaning whether they are used transitively or intransitively. For example:
The engineer slowed down the train.
The train slowed down.
In the first example, the phrasal verb to slow down is used transitively, with the object train. In the second example, the phrasal verb to slow down is used intransitively, without naming the originator of the action. In these two examples, it can be seen that the object of the transitive verb is the subject
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of the intransitive verb. However, the general meaning of the two sentences is the same. Verbs which can be used in this way may be referred to as ergative verbs.
The following are examples of expressions which can function as ergative phrasal verbs. Each ergative phrasal verb is followed by its meaning and examples of its use.
3. Distinguishing between verbs followed by prepositions and verbs followed by adverbs
It has been seen that the position of pronoun objects, adverbs of manner and stress in spoken English varies according to whether a verb is followed by a preposition or by an adverb.
These differences are summarized in the following table. The verbs to sit and to turn are used as examples. The verb to sit is followed by on used as a preposition, whereas the verb to turn is followed by on used as an adverb.
Verb followed by Preposition
Verb followed by Adverb
Pronoun object is placed
Pronoun object is placed
after the preposition:
before the adverb:
I sat on it.
I turned it on.
Words used as Prepositions or Adverbs
Verb + Preposition
Transitive Verb + Adverb
come across
get across (an idea)
cut across
put across (an idea)
Verb + Preposition hang around
Transitive Verb + Adverb bring round
lounge around mill around
Verb + Preposition
Transitive Verb + Adverb
confide in
break in
deal in
breathe in
join in
call in
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Verb + Preposition
Transitive Verb + Adverb
glance off
call off
keep off
fend off
warn off
give off lay off pair off
Verb + Preposition
Transitive Verb + Adverb
bank on
cheer on
border on
hand on
build on
try on
call on
turn on
come upon count on
Verb + Preposition
Transitive Verb + Adverb
get over
take over
go over
talk over
run over
think over
watch over
paper over smooth over
Verb + Preposition break through
Transitive Verb + Adverb pull through
get through go through leaf through look through sail through scrape through see through sit through wade through
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LANGUAGE FOCUS
Tense Review
I.
Element of English tenses
Time
Aspect
1. The continuous aspect
2. the simple aspect
3. The perfect aspect
4. Active and Passive
5. Future form
6. The present Simple and Continuous
7. The Future Continuous and Future Pefect
8. The Future in the past
I.
Element of the English tenses
Time
Time is very important in Tenses, but you should remember that Time and tense are not always the same in English . Mean that present tenses often refer to the present times, but not always.
Ex:
1. The man misses his girlfriend when he met her in the past.
2. At the future the boy wants to be a engineer.
Aspect
The three aspect s add another layer of meaning to the action of the verb.
simple : The action is seen as a complete whole.
Continuous : The action is seen as having duration.
Perfect : The action is seen as completed before another time.
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Perfect
Simple
Continues
Simple aspect
The simple aspect describes an action that is seen to be complete. And simple aspect include
Simple present
Simple past
Simple perfect
1, Simple present: is used to express habit or ability as in "I play the guitar." I paint the house.
2. Simple past: In English this implies that the action took place in the past and that it is not taking place now.
I painted the house.
I ate breakfast this morning.
3. Simple future: Can be used to express intention, prediction, and other conditions.
I will paint the house.
I will eat breakfast this morning.
The Continuous Aspect
The continuous aspect is focuses on the duration of activity and used
a. to show that an action is repeated
Ex: I have been ringing you all week.
b. to describe an action or situation which is in progress at a particular time.
Ex: I was watching the movie, when someone yelled.
c. to indicate that a situation is temporary.
I am staying in London at the moment.
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The Perfect Aspect
A verb construction that describes events occurring in the past but linked to a later time, usually the present. The perfect aspect is formed with has, have or had + the past participle.
The perfect aspect expresses two ideas
1. An action completed before another time
Ex : I have read this book.
2. An action producing a result or a state of affairs relevant to a letter situation.
Ex : when I arrived, my mum had cooked the meal.
Passive and Active
Passive sentences move the focus of attention from the subject of an active sentence to the object.
For example these two sentences describe the same event:
Active:
Ann took these photos.
SUJECT
OBJECT
Sentences
Passive:
These photos were taken by Ann
The choose between an Active and Passive sentences allows us to present the same information in two different order or situations.
For example:
Active: The storm damaged the roof
Passive: The roof was damaged by the storm
Here are some situation where we typically choose a Passive rather than an Active.
When the agent is not know. In an Active sentence we need to include the agent as Subject;
Using a passive allows us to omit the agent by leaving out the prepositional phrase with By.
My office was broken into when I was on holiday. ( Unknown agent )
These boxes should be handled with care.
( Unimportant agent )
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Future Form
English has several forms which express future event, and which one the user select depend on the situation that user uses to show.
Will
When we talking about event in the future that we expect to happened but that are not in our control, we can use Will or Going to, but we use Will when we decide what to do.
Form: will + Infinitive
Ex: I will play football.
Tomorrow will be warm and sunny everywhere.
When the sentence has two part that refer to the future, we use Present Simple after if, when,
before, after, as soon as, and until.
Form: When, after etc. + SIMPLE + WILL
Going to
Going to express a premeditated intention, use to predict a future.
Form: Going to + infinitive
Ex; I am going to study harder next year.
Present continuous
The present continuous is use to express an arrangement, usually for near future, and can’t be used to express an event that has not been arranged by human being.
Ex: The sun is rising at 9.00 tomorrow morning.
The Present Simple
It uses to express a future event which is seen as being certain because of a timetable or calendar.. what time does the film start?
My train get in at 11.oo.
The Future Continuous
The Future continuous express an activity that will be in progress around a specific time in the future. Ex ; I will be playing tennis at 10am tomorrow.
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The future Perfect
The future perfect tense talks about the past in the future. We sometimes use shall instead of will, especially for I and we.
The future perfect tense expresses action in the future before another action in the future. This is the past in the future.
Form : will have + verb 3 (past participle)
USING
We use future perfect when an action will be complete at a specific time in the future.
I will have finished my project by the weekend.
This time next year I will have graduated college.
We use future perfect to predict the present.
Don 't bother going to see him, he 'll have left.
The Future in the Past
Future in the Past is used to express the idea that in the past, would happen in the future.
There are different ways of expressing “future
in the past”:
By using “was/were going to”, you describe a future plan or intention at a certain point in the past that may or may not have taken place.
By using “past continuous” is used for arrangements, the “past continuous” tense can be used to express what was a future arrangement in the past.
For example:
I didn’t call him because we were meeting on Sunday.
I was travelling to Edinburgh that night, but my flight was cancelled.
By using “would” , you imply a possibility or expectation, but no plans.
“I knew Mary would win the competition. She was head and shoulders above the rest of the performers.” . By using:
“was/were to+ inf” (for events which took place)
“was/were to have + past participle” (for events which didn’t happen)
“When she first auditioned the judges knew she was to become a great singer.” (the event happened)
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“The board of directors was to have promoted Joan as manager, but they later discovered she had been passing vital information to the competition.” (the event was arranged but did not happen)
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References
Hyde, H. Montgomery. Famous Trials: Oscar Wilde. Baltimore: Penguin Books.
Hyde, H. M. (1964). Oscar Wilde: The Aftermath. New York: Farrar Straus ltd.
Kiberd, Declan (1996). Inventing Ireland: The Literature of a Modern Nation. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press
New Headway advance teacher’s book
21
Faculty of Foreign Languages
Bachelor of Arts in English
(BA)
Year 3 Semester 1
Major Assignment
Topic: Unit II
Prepared by:
Lecturer: Suy Sareth
Group: I
Room: Year 3
Academic Year: 2013-2014
Group Register
Prepared by
Sex
Assignation
1. Mr. Seng Prosnor
M
Group leader
2. Miss Chun Chanry
F
Member
3. Mr. Mol Channara
M
Member
4. Mr. Long Sambo
M
Signature
Member
i
Declaration
We, group 1, hereby declare that in the process of preparing the assignment research, I did not consult the help of other people, but our group members. In the process of conducting this assignment, I hereby ascertain the originality of the content sources …show more content…
and the product shall be credited to its origin. This research has never been presented to any other examining committee or lecturer in this or similar format
I am clearly aware of the fact any false of declaration will lead to legal consequences. Phnom Penh, May 5, 2013
For. Group I
ii
3
Table of content
``
Title
Page
Group register
i
Declaration
ii
Table of content
iii
Acknowledgement
iv
Introduction
1
Starter
2
Reading and Speaking (Losing her words)
3
Listening and Speaking (Oscar Wilde)
4
Vocabulary (Phrasal Verbs)
6
Language Focus (Tense Review)
15
References
21
iii
4
Acknowledgement
First of all, We would like to express my sincerest appreciation to all those people who have assisted me to edit and proofread this assignment from the beginning to the end of the research.
First and foremost, we would like to profoundly thank our family; especially our parents who have given us birth and care, and brought us up in a good environment1.
Most importantly, we would like to thank to our experienced and helpful lecturer,
Prof. Sareth Suy, who have provided us with a great deal of advice, guidance 2, and the opportunity to write the assignment which we have never ever tried before.
Finally, we are looking forward to getting feedbacks3 and constructive advices4 from you all.
Phnom Penh, May 5, 2013
For : Group I
1
Is the circumstance or air around us
Instruction
3
Consideration of detailed illustration
4
Recommendation
2
iv
Introduction
The theme of this unit is literature and literary people. The main reading text is a newspaper article about a meeting with Iris Murdoch, the famous Angle-Irish novelist. It deals with her loving relationship with her husband, and the fact that at the time of her husband, and the fact that at the time of the interview she was losing her powers as a writer because she was in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Never lost for Words!
Phrasal Verb, Tense review, Sounds and spelling
SUMMARY LESSON
STARTER: Cover and Type of Book
The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien: Type of an fantasy book
Fair Game by Elizabeth
Young: Type of a modern romance (Chick Lit)
Cider with Rosie by Laurie
Lee: Type of an autobiography book
Hamlet by Wiliam
Shakespeare: Type of a classical drama book
A Time to Kill by John
Grisham: Type of a thriller book The Lost Continent by Bill
Bryson: Type of a travel story book
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READING AND SPEAKING
Losing her words
MURDOCH, Iris Jean
1919-1999
She was born in Dublin. She read classics at Oxford University, then worked for four years in UN refugee camp. Her first novel Under the Net, published in 1954, was an immediate success. Other titles include The Scandcastle, The Bell, and The Sea, The sea, for which she was awarded the
Booker prize.
In 1956 she married John Bayled, a professor of English Literature at Oxford. They had a long, happy, if unusual marriage, but no children.
Iris was still writing in her late 70s. Her 26th and last novel, Jackson 's Dilemma, published in 1995, was written whilst she was suffering from the beginnings of Alzheimer 's Disease.
She died in 1999.
The Oscar-winning film, Iris (2002), starring Judi Dench and Kate Winslet, tell the story of her love affair with John Bayley and her tragic struggle with the disease.
A VISIT TO IRIS MURDOCH
The journalist Joanna Coles interviewed Iris Murdoch at her home in Oxfordshire shortly before the novelist was diagnosed as suffering from Alzheimer’s Disease.
Part 1
Wild piles of books and papers
This part mention about getting Iris home of Joanna Coles, Journalist: When he gets her home, he sees her husband, Bayley, welcome him with cheery face that appears at the window, chewing baked beans. Then Bayley invite him go enter. After that, Bayley whisks him through a chaotic hall, past a vast, unsteady pyramid of books and into the most eccentric drawing room he have ever seen.
As he sits down, Iri Murdoch spirals gracefully into the room, and he suddenly notice there’s an abandoned glass of red wine tucked away under each armchair, as if perhaps in case of emergency.
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Part 2
Just a bit of writer’s block
When Iris sees Joanna, she says Hello to him. Then, Joanna explains her why he is here although …show more content…
he already explains her on phone. That time, he worried she may think he rude if he asks her why she has stopped writing. After that, she and her husband tried to explain her difficulty with writing in different explanation.
Later, she doesn’t finish sentences. She says thins in an absent way. She describes what she is experiencing in terms of darkness and falling.
Part 3
Utterly at ease with each other
This part indicates the relationship of Murdoch and Bayley: Bayley returns with a jug of coffee. Iris orders him to pour, and Bayley repeats her word in kidding cheerfully. Joanna thinks of their relationship that it is not only touching, it’s still fresh and young, making sense of what marriage is for. Despite Iris’s problems Iris and her husband seem utterly at ease with each other.
Joanna wonders why they have no children. Then he says that Iris has never been interested in being a mum, and says that is typical of treat women writers. He doesn’t seem bitter. Finally, Joanna notes of optimism that he quotes the doctors as saying that the brain can find its way round a block after a while. LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Oscar Wilde
Born
16 October 1854, Dublin, Ireland
Died
30 November 1900 (aged 46)
Paris, France
Occupation
Writer, Poet, Playwright
Language
English, French
Nationality
Irish
Alma mater
Trinity College, Dublin, Magdalen College,
Oxford
Period
Victorian era
Genres
Drama, short story, dialogue, journalism
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Literary
Aestheticism
movement
Notable
The Importance of Being Earnest, The
work(s)
Picture of Dorian Gray
Spouse(s)
Constance Lloyd (1884–1898)
Children
Cyril Holland, Vyvyan Holland
Signature
1. I have nothing to declare but my genius!
“To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance.”
You are never able to truely love someone else until you love yourself so if you are happy with yourself than you will be happy - instead of seeking out someone else to provide a false happiness.
"There is no such thing as a moral or immoral book. Books are either well written or badly written. That is all." - Oscar Wilde
Upon his release, Oscar wrote The Ballad of Reading Gaol, a response to the agony he experienced in prison. It was published shortly before Constance 's death in 1898.
“What does Oscar wilde mean by There is only one thing in life worse than being talked about and that is not being talked about?”
Being talked about means being notorious, a subject of gossip. But if one is so notorious that one 's behaviour cannot even be mentioned in polite company, that 's worse.
What is the meaning of “I never travel without my diary. One should have something sensational to read?”
You gotta love Wilde, don 't you? He 's saying that he lives a fabulous life and writes well about it.
I can resist everything, except temptation! Oscar Wilde
Is this how you look when eating your treats? Me neither! What motivates us? I need to talk about motivation. A lot of people ask me how I stayed motivated, especially on weeks such as this hereby life is not giving you a chance to prepare or plan your meals properly. Or when it 's just easier to eat anything else.
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VOCABULARY
Phrasal verb
A phrasal verb is a combination of words (a verb + a preposition or verb +adverb) that when used together, usually take on a different meaning to that of the original
1. break down, check in, tear up
When we use phrasal verbs, we use them like normal verbs in a sentence, regardless if it’s a regular or irregular verb.
1. Ella tore up the letter after she read it.
2. Their car broke down two miles out of town.
3. Did the manager deal with that customer’s complaint.
4. The child ran away from its parents.
5. My mom set me up with her friend 's son.
1. Phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by a preposition
Some phrasal verbs consist of a verb followed by a preposition. As has been seen in previous chapters, it is very common for English verbs to be followed by prepositions. However, in the case of a phrasal verb, the verb followed by the preposition forms an expression with an idiomatic meaning. For instance, the phrasal verb to come across is an idiomatic expression with the meaning to find.
Similarly, the phrasal verb to frown on is an idiomatic expression with the meaning to disapprove of. e.g. We came across an old diary while we were cleaning out the attic.
The workers frowned on the practice of smoking in the office.
It should be noted that some phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by a preposition can be used in the Passive Voice.
e.g. The practice of smoking in the office was frowned on by the workers.
The children were looked after by their aunt.
In these examples, the phrasal verbs to frown on and to look after are used in the Passive Voice.
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The following are examples of phrasal verbs which consist of a verb followed by a preposition. Each phrasal verb is followed by its meaning and an example of its use.
Verbs Followed by Prepositions abide by: adhere to
We abided by the rules.
account for: explain
He accounted for the discrepancy.
ask for: request
They asked for an extension.
bank on: depend on
We are banking on good weather tomorrow.
bear with: be patient with
Please bear with the delay.
border on: be near, be next to
Their excitement bordered on hysteria.
break into: enter by force
Thieves broke into the store.
build on: develop from
We want to build on our success.
burst into: suddenly enter
He burst into the room.
call for: demand
This calls for an investigation.
call on: ask, order
We will call on you to give a speech.
come across: find accidentally
She came across some old papers.
A. The position of the object of the preposition
The object of a preposition usually follows the preposition, whether the object is a noun or a pronoun. In the following examples, the objects are underlined.
e.g. We have launched into a new project.
We have launched into it.
In these examples, the noun project and the pronoun it are the objects of the preposition into of the phrasal verb to launch into. Both the noun object and the pronoun object follow the preposition.
B. The position of an adverb of manner modifying the verb
If a verb is followed by a preposition, an adverb of manner may be placed between the verb and the preposition. In the following examples, the adverbs of manner are underlined.
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e.g. We reasoned patiently with the little girl.
I leafed quickly through the book.
In the first example, the adverb of manner patiently is placed between the verb reasoned and the preposition with of the phrasal verb to reason with. In the second example, the adverb of manner quickly is placed between the verb leafed and the preposition through of the phrasal verb to leaf through. C. Stress in spoken English
When a verb followed by a preposition occurs at the end of a clause, it is usually the verb which is stressed in spoken English. In the following examples, the words which are stressed are printed in bold type.
e.g. No one likes to be laughed at.
I need someone to confide in.
In the first example, the verb laughed followed by the preposition at occurs at the end of a clause, and the verb laughed is stressed. In the second example, the verb confide followed by the preposition in occurs at the end of a clause, and the verb confide is stressed.
It should be noted that, when used in a phrasal verb at the end of a clause, the prepositions after, into and over are often pronounced with somewhat greater emphasis than the verb. In this case, both the verb and the preposition are stressed. For example:
The twins are easy to look after.
The building would be difficult to break into.
You 'll never guess whom I ran into.
I heard that someone was run over.
The prepositions above, across and through are also occasionally emphasized in this way. For example: The research papers were difficult to wade through.
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D. Expressions in which the verb has an object
In the case of some phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by a preposition, the verb and the preposition may each have an object. In the following examples, the objects are underlined.
e.g. I can make nothing of the situation.
We talked my sister into agreeing.
In the first example, the verb make of the phrasal verb to make of has the object nothing, and the preposition of has the object situation. In the second example, the verb talked of the phrasal verb to talk into has the object sister, and the preposition into has the object agreeing.
The following are examples of phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by a preposition, where the verb may have an object. The objects of the verbs are underlined. Each phrasal verb is followed by its meaning and an example of its use. The last example illustrates the use of the Passive Voice.
Verbs followed by Objects followed by Prepositions drag into: involve unwillingly
Don 't drag me into this discussion!
draw into: involve gradually
We managed to draw her into the conversation.
drum into: teach by repetition
We drummed the safety rules into the children.
frighten into: control by fear
The little girl frightened her brother into obeying her.
hold against: blame for
Please don 't hold my mistakes against me.
lay before: present to
We will lay the evidence before the court.
let into: allow to share
Shall we let her into the secret?
make of: understand
Can you make anything of this message?
2. Phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by an adverb
Many phrasal verbs consist of a verb followed by an adverb. Some of these phrasal verbs are intransitive and some are transitive.
For instance, the intransitive phrasal verb to show up is formed from the verb to show followed by the adverb up. In the following example, the phrasal verb does not have an object.
At ten o 'clock, her brother showed up.
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The following are examples of intransitive phrasal verbs which consist of a verb followed by an adverb. Each phrasal verb is followed by its meaning and an example of its use.
Intransitive Verbs followed by Adverbs blow over: pass
I wonder when the trouble will blow over.
boil away: disappear by boiling
If the water boils away, the stew will burn.
boil over: overflow by boiling
The soup boiled over.
bounce back: recover
He bounced back from his previous defeat.
buckle down: work seriously
You may fail your courses if you don 't buckle down to work.
catch on: be widely accepted
Do you think the idea will catch on?
cloud over: become overcast
Although it clouded over in the afternoon, the rain held off.
The transitive phrasal verb to sort out is formed from the verb to sort followed by the adverb out.
For example:
We sorted out the papers.
In this example, the phrasal verb sorted out has the object papers.
The following are examples of transitive phrasal verbs which consist of a verb followed by an adverb. Each phrasal verb is followed by its meaning and an example of its use.
Transitive Verbs followed by Adverbs back up: support
I will back up your story.
bail out: rescue
If you run into difficulties, who will bail you out?
break in: make something new fit for use I broke in my new hiking boots.
breathe in: inhale
We breathed in the fresh air.
breathe out: exhale
I breathed out a sigh of relief.
bring back: return
She brought back her library books.
bring around: persuade
We gradually brought her around to our point of view.
bring up: raise
Bringing up children is never easy.
butter up: flatter
We buttered him up, hoping that he would agree to our proposal. 10
a. The position of the object of the verb
In the case of transitive phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by an adverb, if the object of the verb is a noun, the object can usually either follow or precede the adverb. In the following examples, the objects are underlined.
e.g. I called off the meeting.
I called the meeting off.
In the first example the object meeting follows the adverb off, while in the second example the object meeting precedes the adverb off.
However, in the case of a few phrasal verbs, a noun object must usually follow the adverb.
e.g. We attempted to smooth over the disagreement.
In this example, the phrasal verb to smooth over is followed by the noun object disagreement. In this case, the object disagreement cannot be placed before the adverb over.
The following are examples of transitive phrasal verbs where a noun object must usually follow the adverb. Each phrasal verb is accompanied by its meaning and an example of its use. The objects of the verbs are underlined.
Verbs followed by Adverbs followed by Noun Objects drum up: raise
She has drummed up support for the plan.
paper over: repair superficially
They attempted to paper over their differences.
smooth over: improve
We tried to smooth over the situation.
In the case of transitive phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by an adverb, if the object of the verb is a pronoun, the object must usually precede the adverb. In the following examples, the pronoun objects are underlined.
e.g. I called it off.
We attempted to smooth it over.
In these examples, the pronoun object it precedes the adverbs off and over.
Most transitive phrasal verbs may be used in the Passive Voice.
e.g. The meeting was called off by me.
The disagreement was smoothed over.
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In these examples, the phrasal verbs to call off and to smooth over are used in the Passive Voice.
b. The position of an adverb of manner modifying the verb
In the case of a phrasal verb consisting of a verb followed by an adverb, the verb and the adverb usually may not be separated by an adverb of manner. In the following example, the adverb of manner is underlined.
e.g. I hurriedly called off the meeting.
In this example, the adverb of manner hurriedly precedes the phrasal verb called off. The adverb hurriedly may also be placed at the beginning or the end of the sentence, but may not be placed between the verb called and the adverb off.
c. Stress in spoken English
When a phrasal verb consisting of a verb followed by an adverb occurs at the end of a clause, it is usually the adverb which is stressed in spoken English. In the following examples, the words which are stressed are printed ion bold type.
e.g. How did that come about?
Please drop in whenever you have time.
In the first example, the verb come followed by the adverb about occurs at the end of a clause, and the adverb about is stressed. In the second example, the verb drop followed by the adverb in occurs at the end of a clause, and the adverb in is stressed.
d. Ergative verbs
It should be noted that there are a few phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by an adverb, which have the same meaning whether they are used transitively or intransitively. For example:
The engineer slowed down the train.
The train slowed down.
In the first example, the phrasal verb to slow down is used transitively, with the object train. In the second example, the phrasal verb to slow down is used intransitively, without naming the originator of the action. In these two examples, it can be seen that the object of the transitive verb is the subject
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of the intransitive verb. However, the general meaning of the two sentences is the same. Verbs which can be used in this way may be referred to as ergative verbs.
The following are examples of expressions which can function as ergative phrasal verbs. Each ergative phrasal verb is followed by its meaning and examples of its use.
3. Distinguishing between verbs followed by prepositions and verbs followed by adverbs
It has been seen that the position of pronoun objects, adverbs of manner and stress in spoken English varies according to whether a verb is followed by a preposition or by an adverb.
These differences are summarized in the following table. The verbs to sit and to turn are used as examples. The verb to sit is followed by on used as a preposition, whereas the verb to turn is followed by on used as an adverb.
Verb followed by Preposition
Verb followed by Adverb
Pronoun object is placed
Pronoun object is placed
after the preposition:
before the adverb:
I sat on it.
I turned it on.
Words used as Prepositions or Adverbs
Verb + Preposition
Transitive Verb + Adverb
come across
get across (an idea)
cut across
put across (an idea)
Verb + Preposition hang around
Transitive Verb + Adverb bring round
lounge around mill around
Verb + Preposition
Transitive Verb + Adverb
confide in
break in
deal in
breathe in
join in
call in
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Verb + Preposition
Transitive Verb + Adverb
glance off
call off
keep off
fend off
warn off
give off lay off pair off
Verb + Preposition
Transitive Verb + Adverb
bank on
cheer on
border on
hand on
build on
try on
call on
turn on
come upon count on
Verb + Preposition
Transitive Verb + Adverb
get over
take over
go over
talk over
run over
think over
watch over
paper over smooth over
Verb + Preposition break through
Transitive Verb + Adverb pull through
get through go through leaf through look through sail through scrape through see through sit through wade through
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LANGUAGE FOCUS
Tense Review
I.
Element of English tenses
Time
Aspect
1. The continuous aspect
2. the simple aspect
3. The perfect aspect
4. Active and Passive
5. Future form
6. The present Simple and Continuous
7. The Future Continuous and Future Pefect
8. The Future in the past
I.
Element of the English tenses
Time
Time is very important in Tenses, but you should remember that Time and tense are not always the same in English . Mean that present tenses often refer to the present times, but not always.
Ex:
1. The man misses his girlfriend when he met her in the past.
2. At the future the boy wants to be a engineer.
Aspect
The three aspect s add another layer of meaning to the action of the verb.
simple : The action is seen as a complete whole.
Continuous : The action is seen as having duration.
Perfect : The action is seen as completed before another time.
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Perfect
Simple
Continues
Simple aspect
The simple aspect describes an action that is seen to be complete. And simple aspect include
Simple present
Simple past
Simple perfect
1, Simple present: is used to express habit or ability as in "I play the guitar." I paint the house.
2. Simple past: In English this implies that the action took place in the past and that it is not taking place now.
I painted the house.
I ate breakfast this morning.
3. Simple future: Can be used to express intention, prediction, and other conditions.
I will paint the house.
I will eat breakfast this morning.
The Continuous Aspect
The continuous aspect is focuses on the duration of activity and used
a. to show that an action is repeated
Ex: I have been ringing you all week.
b. to describe an action or situation which is in progress at a particular time.
Ex: I was watching the movie, when someone yelled.
c. to indicate that a situation is temporary.
I am staying in London at the moment.
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The Perfect Aspect
A verb construction that describes events occurring in the past but linked to a later time, usually the present. The perfect aspect is formed with has, have or had + the past participle.
The perfect aspect expresses two ideas
1. An action completed before another time
Ex : I have read this book.
2. An action producing a result or a state of affairs relevant to a letter situation.
Ex : when I arrived, my mum had cooked the meal.
Passive and Active
Passive sentences move the focus of attention from the subject of an active sentence to the object.
For example these two sentences describe the same event:
Active:
Ann took these photos.
SUJECT
OBJECT
Sentences
Passive:
These photos were taken by Ann
The choose between an Active and Passive sentences allows us to present the same information in two different order or situations.
For example:
Active: The storm damaged the roof
Passive: The roof was damaged by the storm
Here are some situation where we typically choose a Passive rather than an Active.
When the agent is not know. In an Active sentence we need to include the agent as Subject;
Using a passive allows us to omit the agent by leaving out the prepositional phrase with By.
My office was broken into when I was on holiday. ( Unknown agent )
These boxes should be handled with care.
( Unimportant agent )
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Future Form
English has several forms which express future event, and which one the user select depend on the situation that user uses to show.
Will
When we talking about event in the future that we expect to happened but that are not in our control, we can use Will or Going to, but we use Will when we decide what to do.
Form: will + Infinitive
Ex: I will play football.
Tomorrow will be warm and sunny everywhere.
When the sentence has two part that refer to the future, we use Present Simple after if, when,
before, after, as soon as, and until.
Form: When, after etc. + SIMPLE + WILL
Going to
Going to express a premeditated intention, use to predict a future.
Form: Going to + infinitive
Ex; I am going to study harder next year.
Present continuous
The present continuous is use to express an arrangement, usually for near future, and can’t be used to express an event that has not been arranged by human being.
Ex: The sun is rising at 9.00 tomorrow morning.
The Present Simple
It uses to express a future event which is seen as being certain because of a timetable or calendar.. what time does the film start?
My train get in at 11.oo.
The Future Continuous
The Future continuous express an activity that will be in progress around a specific time in the future. Ex ; I will be playing tennis at 10am tomorrow.
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The future Perfect
The future perfect tense talks about the past in the future. We sometimes use shall instead of will, especially for I and we.
The future perfect tense expresses action in the future before another action in the future. This is the past in the future.
Form : will have + verb 3 (past participle)
USING
We use future perfect when an action will be complete at a specific time in the future.
I will have finished my project by the weekend.
This time next year I will have graduated college.
We use future perfect to predict the present.
Don 't bother going to see him, he 'll have left.
The Future in the Past
Future in the Past is used to express the idea that in the past, would happen in the future.
There are different ways of expressing “future
in the past”:
By using “was/were going to”, you describe a future plan or intention at a certain point in the past that may or may not have taken place.
By using “past continuous” is used for arrangements, the “past continuous” tense can be used to express what was a future arrangement in the past.
For example:
I didn’t call him because we were meeting on Sunday.
I was travelling to Edinburgh that night, but my flight was cancelled.
By using “would” , you imply a possibility or expectation, but no plans.
“I knew Mary would win the competition. She was head and shoulders above the rest of the performers.” . By using:
“was/were to+ inf” (for events which took place)
“was/were to have + past participle” (for events which didn’t happen)
“When she first auditioned the judges knew she was to become a great singer.” (the event happened)
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“The board of directors was to have promoted Joan as manager, but they later discovered she had been passing vital information to the competition.” (the event was arranged but did not happen)
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References
Hyde, H. Montgomery. Famous Trials: Oscar Wilde. Baltimore: Penguin Books.
Hyde, H. M. (1964). Oscar Wilde: The Aftermath. New York: Farrar Straus ltd.
Kiberd, Declan (1996). Inventing Ireland: The Literature of a Modern Nation. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press
New Headway advance teacher’s book
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