2001 (#4): Discuss the political and social consequences of the Protestant Reformation in the first half of the sixteenth century.…
The development of academic textual criticism as applied to the Biblical text by scholars such as Erasmus made clear the need for reconsideration of the interpretation and application of the Biblical texts. Ad fontes humanists pointed the church back to Classical Greece and Rome, as well as the beginnings of the Christian tradition with a commitment to the past that seemed highly likely to impact the future of the church had Luther not come along and reconceived of how to use the Biblical text. And while Luther began in earnest the rhetorical and practical use of printed materials as a means of effective and forceful communication on a large scale, it seems likely that academics (such as Erasmus or Calvin) and/or other clergy (such as Zwingli and Marpeck) would eventually have been able to use their combination of humanism, textual knowledge, and the power of the press to get across ideas worthy of creating a theological reformation of the European Church during the 16th century. As we…
1. What theological concerns prompted Martin Luther’s challenge of the Catholic Church? What specific reforms did he advocate?…
The general push of the report was regardless truly provocative. The initial two of the propositions contained Luther's focal thought, that God expected devotees to look for atonement and that confidence alone, and not deeds, would prompt salvation. The other 93 propositions, variously would straight forwardly scrutinizing the act of indulgences, upheld these initial two. The 95…
In 1524-1526, many peasant revolts were held within the German states. This was predominately due to a strong influence of Lutheran ideals, as well as, peasants standing up for their belief of fair and reasonable authority under Christian rulers. There was a broad range of responses to the revolts. Many viewed with a compromising, open-mind, while others were brutally pessimistic toward the peasant’s attempts. Although, a fair number of nobles in the German states recognized the peasant plea of grievances against their lords as rightful, the founder of the Lutheran branch of Protestantism, Martin Luther, sided harshly against the peasants.…
When approaching the concept of grace, many people often assume that it is “other” - a mysterious force that exists beyond human understanding. They believe that grace is a divine gift that cannot be humanly grasped because of its supernatural nature. Others believe that mediated grace - God as experienced through the senses in a purely human manner - is a vital way to bridge the ontological gap (an extreme difference in being that separates the earthly and the divine). Christian theologians from the beginning of the faith have debated the qualities attributed to this phenomenon because of its sheer importance; when dealing with vastly different elements, such as humans and God, the search for an intermediary force is obviously considered a necessity. Over and over, throughout the history of Christianity, we see mediated grace as a bridge, a power that unites, binding together the natural and the supernatural, the human and the divine, and ideas that often appear initially incompatible.…
Life in Europe changed dramatically in the sixteenth century. The church was extremely powerful and central to all parts of the lives of Europeans, but the events that took place during this new reformation would challenge that. Once the church was challenged, change was almost immediate. What once was a unifying force split, and although a period of violence and unrest followed, it was a major turning point in history sparked by Martin Luther and the posting of his 95 Theses. Martin Luther was born in 1483 during the time of the Renaissance when there was a growing attitude of rejecting medieval values and a turn towards education, humanism, and other more classical values (Class Lecture, 2/22/16).…
In the early 16th century, increasing corruption within the Catholic Church lead people toseek out change, and the result was the Protestant Reformation. This movement was based on thequestion “What must be done to ensure salvation?”. Martin Luther, perhaps the most famous of all Protestant reformers found an answer to this question that didn’t fit the traditional teachingsof the Catholic church. It has become a common argument whether Luther was a conservative or a revolutionary, but some think he was both. It can be argued that through his beliefs, reformedreligion, and writings, Martin Luther was a revolutionary in the sense that he was going againstthe Catholic Church; but because of the fact that his values of a simple, classical, ancientscripture based religion which focused on the roots of true Christianity, and in comparison toother protestant reformers who were much more radical in their religious movements, Luther wasalso very conservative at the same time.The Catholic Church in the early 16th century had much power in Europe, and few werewilling to go against it. Those who did were not only seen as religious reformers, but also asrevolutionaries. Luther’s beliefs, system of reformed religion, and writings all contributed to theways many perceived him as a revolutionary because he went against the common beliefs and practices of the Catholic church. Church officials had always stressed the combination of faithand good works as a necessity in achieving salvation. Luther challenged this in saying that ashumans we are not saved through good works, but through faith in the promises of God, and the process of justification. In addition to his stance on the question of salvation, Luther’s religion,which was a reformed version of Catholicism also caused many to see him…
Narrator: An epidemic has spread through the land, not one of disease and illness, but of religious, political, and social change. A Reformation was in place, a religious movement that resulted in the establishment of Protestant churches. Four men who contributed to this reform of the Catholic and Protestant churches were King Henry VIII, Martin Luther, Pope Leo X, and John Calvin, and they have gathered to discuss how this Reformation dramatically changed Christian unity in Europe.…
Differences between Lutheran schools and public schools can seem very drastic to people who have not personally experienced both school systems themselves. While both school systems are different, they both can offer a joyful experience to the student. Realizing the differences can help one to decide which school system best fits their needs.…
During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in Europe, change was always constant, and two different movements that were brought about by this change were the Enlightenment and the Romantic movements. These two different schools of thought had both things in common as well as differing opinions. An example of how this is applied is when the matter of God and religion is discussed. These two different views encompass a lot of similarities with regards to theological matters, but the main difference between the Enlightened and Romantic views of God is that Enlightenment does not put as much focus and emphasis on such matters as Romantic thinking does.…
Martin Luther’s understanding of theology of the cross is understood as: “the theology which is guided by the knowledge that God’s activity on out behalf is not what we as humans perceive” (Eckardt 20). He breaks believers of God into two categories of theologians, Luther emphasizes the perspectives of the “theologian…
"Protestant Reformation." Encyclopedia of Renaissance Literature. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2006. Bloom's Literature, Facts On File, Inc. www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE54&WID=18025&SID=5&iPin=GERL525&SingleRecord=True.…
Why is the beliefs of each ancient groups so important? It is important because most groups didn’t believe in the same thing. The distinguish differences between the two are that Judaism is the religious belief of the Jews, while Zoroastrianism is the older religion of the Iranian people better known as the Persians and Medes. The two religions correspond in some respects with the take to be to their cosmological ideas.…
Throughout the history of Europe, people’s lives revolved around the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church taught its beliefs through the clergy and exercised its authority. In 1517, corruption, false teachings, and the challenging of Martin Luther led to a split that created the Protestant Church. During the Reformation, the Protestant belief in “sola scriptura” and “sola fides” was a major source of conflict with the Catholic teachings of a Church authority and salvation through good works.…