What Was Prohibition In America A Lesson Learned
Prohibition in America: A Lesson Learned?
Infamous gangster, AL Capone, and many like him built their dynasty off a short period of time during United States history called Prohibition. Prohibition was a period where alcohol was not permitted in the United States, which lasted from 1920 to 1933. After the Revolutionary War, drinking was on the rise in the United States, and many orginizations were created to disuade people from becoming intoxicated, starting a new temperance movement (Lerner 96). At first these orginizations tried to push the idea of moderation, but later they decided they wanted alcohol gone for good (Rosenberg). The ban was the eightteenth ammendmant to the constitution, known as the Volstead Act. The president at the time was Woodrow Wilson, who actually vetoed the act, but …show more content…
he was over ruled by Congress and Prohibition became the law of the land (“Teaching with Documents”). America had been changed for the worse by the prohibition of alcohol through: lost tax revenue, enriching and empowering criminals, and endangering the health and welfare of its citizens. Mobsters rose in power and overburdened law enforcement. Their bribary and corruption resulted in people disrespecting the law, and those responsible for its enforcement (Florien). Since America is fighting some of these same problems in the war on drugs, the question today in the United States of America in 2012, is whether the obvious lessons presented by Prohibition, the extreme turmoil it created, and its repeal thirteen years later, are lessons which America has learned from or are doomed to repeat. By banning alcohol in America, the government lost a major amount of money for only the few years it was banned (Graham). Also Prohibition was extrmely expensive, “Some estimate the total cost was about a billion dollars in a time when a Ford factory worker made $5 a day”(Florien). The economy during the 1920s was driven by alcohol in a immense way (“Prohibition”). Alcohol was the fifth biggest industry in the United States before it was banned (“Prohibition”). During this time, the Great Depression was in full effect, the money made from alcohol could have been used as a great contribution to the awful economy. Many jobs were lost when the breweries throughout the U.S. closed down, “Hundreds of thousands of people lost their jobs because of Prohibition” (Florien). The government in today’s society could have used the money from alcohol during this time. During Prohibition, alcohol could have brought in over eleven million dollars just in tax revenue(“1920 's Prohibition”). Nearly thirty times of that amount was used to enforce Prohibtion, “…while costing over $300 million to enforce” (“1920 's Prohibition”).
When an industy is made illegal, it puts that industry in the hands of criminals, thus increasing crime rates and basically giving money to criminals. “People in the alcohol business had two options: to find lower-paying work or become criminals (that is, staying in their profession),” this encouraged people to break the law just to support their families (Florien). Major criminals and gangsters made their dynasty through the ban of alcohol such as Al Capone (Bryce). Organized crime was invented during Prohibition, and America would have to deal with it for many years to come (“Teaching with Documents”). All of Capone’s revenue was made from bootlegging and the selling of alcohol. Many other gangsters during this time made their legacies just on bootlegging, ” Prohibition made life in America more violent, with open rebellion against the law and organized crime”(“Teaching with Documents”).
Prohibition brought even physical harm to people. Since alcohol was no longer legal, the purity of it was no longer regulated (“Prohibition of Alcohol”). So when people started making their own alcohol, they were not sure if it was pure enough to drink or not:
Because alcohol was illegal, its purity was not regulated. While fruit, vegetable, and grain alcohol is usually safe, alcohol made from wood is not — but it is difficult to tell the difference until too late. Over 10,000 people died during Prohibition from drinking wood alcohol. Others who were not killed went permanently blind or had severe organ damage. The same happens today with illegal drugs — most overdoses are accidental, a result from not knowing the purity or strength of the drug. And who knows how many people died because of organized crime, or due to corrupt or overburdened police. (Florien)
Many people died throughout these years, because at the time, criminals and organized crime could not be stopped partly due to corruption throughout the law enforcement, the court system, and politics. This was going on mostly in big urban areas like Chicago and New York. At this time organized crime became so big that mobsters would bribe and threaten police and politicians, “If mobsters couldn’t buy or successfully threaten someone in a powerful position, they either ‘wiped them out’ or, following more democratic principles, ran a candidate against the incumbent in the next election” (Florien). Because of this many mobsters and people involved in organized crime came into politics. Corruption still exists today throughout the law system of the U.S. (Florien). Prohibition also caused long term affects on these people because it changed the drinking habits of Americans, and these affects are still noticeable in today’s society (Florien). People now did not drink socially, so they would go out to get drunk. Since they were not allowed to be seen with a bottle of any kind of liquor, it was easier to finish it than carry it around (Florien). Stronger liquors became much more popular, because it was more concentrated and easier to smuggle (Florien). So now people began to drink more and more concentrated alcohol than before, “Ironically, Prohibition also increased the amount people drank. Drinking has never again returned to pre-Prohibition levels” (Florien). By making alcohol illegal, it made other substances more popular which were worse for the human body, like cigarettes,” It was also far more harmful and addictive than alcohol” (Florien). By the 1930s, cigarettes were pretty much legal everywhere, and the consumption of them nearly tripled (Florien).
Since trying to stop people from drinking was a very hard law to enforce, everybody still did it, thus led to higher crime rates (“Teaching with Documents”). In the 1910s, crime rates were realtively low, but when Prohibtion went into effect, within two months crime rates tripled, because of crimes like the manufacturing, selling and use of alcohol, or crimes caused by mobsters who now relyed on alcohol (“Prohibition”). Prohibition overburdened the police, the courts and the penal system of that time:
You can’t throw everyone in jail — yet with Prohibition, even a small percentage of offenders couldn’t be locked away without overburdening the system. In 1923, for instance, the US District Attorneys spent 44% of their time on Prohibition cases. This takes time away from the real purpose of police and courts: to protect people and their possessions, not enforce a religious sect’s morality. (Florien)
The time spent on these Prohibition cases could have been used for something more useful like stopping organized crime, which could have affected America in a positive way in the long run. The police were spending almost half of their time on petty crimes like Prohibition cases, which do not even compare to real crimes Al Capone was committing, “When the police spend much of their time arresting and investigating crimes that cause no harm to others, the crimes that do cause harm increase and real criminals are more likely to go free” (Florien). When real criminals commit crimes and they are aware that they can get away, there is nothing to stop them, which later made an overwhelming disrespect for law enforcement nation wide. People disrespected law enforcement during Prohibition since everyone was still drinking. President Harding, at the time, admitted to drinking alcohol and even admitted to having a stash of bootlegged liquor in the White House (Blumenthal and Colvin 54). Whiskey could be bought as a prescrption and more whiskey was sold by the gallon than before Prohibition (Blumenthal and Colvin 62). Fifty percent of people drank before Prohibition, right when it went into affect a mere twenty percent dropped. By the end of it, sixty-five percent of American’s drank alcohol (Blumenthal and Colvin 109). Since people did not have respect over authority anymore, a new idea was formed. Abraham Lincoln once said, “Prohibition goes beyond the bounds of reason in that it attempts to control a man’s appetite by legislation and makes crimes out of things that are not crimes”(Florien). Bootleggers would even enhance their cars to out run cops. When a cop tried to pull over cars who were suspicous of bootlegging, the bootleggers would just take off and the cops could never catch up. As bootlegging became more popular throughout the South, bootleggers would meet up on Sundays to see who had the fastest car. People began to come and watch these races, and this later became Nascar (“Speed Weeks”). “Prohibition encouraged people to see the law as whimsical and unimportant, instead of something good and protecting. It did nothing to encourage the respect and obedience the law deserves” (Florien).
It remains unclear as to whether America has truly learned any lessons which the era of Prohibition has offered to teach. A review of the thirteen years of Prohibition in America would lead an educated person to conclude that this first attempt at temperance was a social, economic, and political mistake. It is largely regarded as a misguided attempt to legislate morality.
The war waged on alcohol during Prohibition appears to be very similar to the war on drugs today in America, with very similar outcomes. Enormous resources in time, money, law enforcement, and incarceration are wasted in an unsuccessful attempt to prohibit recreational drug use today, “On September 30, 2010, federal prisons held 190,641 inmates. Of these, 97,472 were serving time for drug offenses” (Mumola). Many people believe today that recreational drug use, like alcohol during Prohibition, is a victimless crime. Many believe it has been made a political issue for some politicians to convince voters that they are “hard on crime,” by relating recreational drug use to crime. Just like the increase in tax revenue from the repeal of Prohibition, if recreational drugs today were legalized, regulated, and taxed, the negative results which arose during Prohibition, and which have now, would be eliminated. If drugs were legalized, America would save untold billions of dollars in not having to enforce the prohibition of drug use (Mumola). Additionally, billions would be saved in not having to try the offenders in courts, and incarcerate those found guilty in prison, “Prisons are stretched beyond capacity, creating dangerous and unconstitutional conditions which often result in costly lawsuits” (Mumola). Today America faces the same problem as back during Prohibition by spending a great deal of money on crimes, which are not as serious as others that are being looked over because of the time spent on these drug related crimes:
The United States leads the world in the number of people incarcerated in federal and state correctional facilities. There are currently more than 2 million people in American prisons or jails. Approximately one-quarter of those people held in U.S. prisons or jails have been convicted of a drug offense. The United States incarcerates more people for drug offenses than any other country. With an estimated 6.8 million Americans struggling with drug abuse or dependence, the growth of the prison population continues to be driven largely by incarceration for drug offenses (Mumola).
In today’s difficult economic times, reducing government spending is a vital goal. Today law enforcement is just as overburdened with victimless crimes like drug use, as law enforcement was with alcohol during the Prohibition (Crow).
If drugs were legalized and thus regulated, the government could help ensure the safety of the products sold and avoid the horrible repeat of the wood alcohol poisoning that 10,000 thousand citizens, who were engaging in behavior that as much as sixty-five percent of their fellow citizens also chose to engage in, during the 13 years of Prohibition (Florien). Today, nearly four times as many people die each year from drug overdose (Crow). If drugs were legalized and taxed by the government, this in itself could also provide an additional source or revenue much needed today (Mumola). Not only would it act as an additional source of revenue but it would also create a way to reduce the power of criminals, who make their money and power off of the trafficking and selling of drugs (Crow). Perhaps most importantly the continued illegality of recreational drugs in America is directly responsible for the existence and growth of murderous drug cartels throughout the world that exist only to supply America’s want for currently illegal drugs (Mumola). “Prohibition was a massively failed attempt at legislating morality” (Florien). Prohibition, which started in 1920 and lasted to 1933, worsened the economy, enriched and empowered criminals brought physical harm to people, brought mobsters into politics, overburdened police, and made people grow a disrespect for law enforcement . As noted above, the thirteen year Prohibition period frightnigly resembles the current situation in America. So the question remains: Has America yet learned the lesson taught by Prohibition? In the recent national election of 2012, it was widely reported through intense media coveraged that two states, Colorado and Washington, by the votes of their citizens, have chosen to legalize the recreational use of marijuana. Perahps this is a fad or a trend. Only time and the future will tell. A close examination of the era of Prohibition in America however provides a clear lesson in which America should take notice of or be doomed to repeat it and suffer the consequences.
Works Cited
"1920 's Prohibition." 1920 's Prohibition. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. .
Blumenthal, Karen, and Jay Colvin. Bootleg: Murder, Moonshine, and the Lawless Years of Prohibition. New York: Roaring Brook, 2011. Print.
Bryce, Jenny.
"Prohibition in the United States." History Today. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. .
Crow, Jim. "Daily Kos." : The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration In The Age of Colorblindness. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. .
Florien, Daniel. "12 Bad Effects of Prohibition You Should Know." Unreasonable Faith. N.p.n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. .
Graham, Colleen. "The United States Prohibition of Alcohol - 1920-1933." About.com Cocktails. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. .
Lerner, Michael A. Dry Manhattan: Prohibition in New York City. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2007. Print. Mumola, Christopher J. "Prisons & Drug Offenders." Welcome. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. . “ Prohibition.” PBS.PBS,N.d,Web.05 Oct 2012
"Prohibition of Alcohol." Prohibition of Alcohol. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. .
Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Prohibition." About.com 20th Century History. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. . "Speed Weeks - Daytona Beach, Florida - History of NASCAR." Speed Weeks - Daytona Beach, Florida - History of NASCAR. Tinker Graphics, n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. .
"Teaching with Documents: The Volstead Act and Related Prohibition Documents." The Volstead Act. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012.
.
Infamous gangster, AL Capone, and many like him built their dynasty off a short period of time during United States history called Prohibition. Prohibition was a period where alcohol was not permitted in the United States, which lasted from 1920 to 1933. After the Revolutionary War, drinking was on the rise in the United States, and many orginizations were created to disuade people from becoming intoxicated, starting a new temperance movement (Lerner 96). At first these orginizations tried to push the idea of moderation, but later they decided they wanted alcohol gone for good (Rosenberg). The ban was the eightteenth ammendmant to the constitution, known as the Volstead Act. The president at the time was Woodrow Wilson, who actually vetoed the act, but …show more content…
he was over ruled by Congress and Prohibition became the law of the land (“Teaching with Documents”). America had been changed for the worse by the prohibition of alcohol through: lost tax revenue, enriching and empowering criminals, and endangering the health and welfare of its citizens. Mobsters rose in power and overburdened law enforcement. Their bribary and corruption resulted in people disrespecting the law, and those responsible for its enforcement (Florien). Since America is fighting some of these same problems in the war on drugs, the question today in the United States of America in 2012, is whether the obvious lessons presented by Prohibition, the extreme turmoil it created, and its repeal thirteen years later, are lessons which America has learned from or are doomed to repeat. By banning alcohol in America, the government lost a major amount of money for only the few years it was banned (Graham). Also Prohibition was extrmely expensive, “Some estimate the total cost was about a billion dollars in a time when a Ford factory worker made $5 a day”(Florien). The economy during the 1920s was driven by alcohol in a immense way (“Prohibition”). Alcohol was the fifth biggest industry in the United States before it was banned (“Prohibition”). During this time, the Great Depression was in full effect, the money made from alcohol could have been used as a great contribution to the awful economy. Many jobs were lost when the breweries throughout the U.S. closed down, “Hundreds of thousands of people lost their jobs because of Prohibition” (Florien). The government in today’s society could have used the money from alcohol during this time. During Prohibition, alcohol could have brought in over eleven million dollars just in tax revenue(“1920 's Prohibition”). Nearly thirty times of that amount was used to enforce Prohibtion, “…while costing over $300 million to enforce” (“1920 's Prohibition”).
When an industy is made illegal, it puts that industry in the hands of criminals, thus increasing crime rates and basically giving money to criminals. “People in the alcohol business had two options: to find lower-paying work or become criminals (that is, staying in their profession),” this encouraged people to break the law just to support their families (Florien). Major criminals and gangsters made their dynasty through the ban of alcohol such as Al Capone (Bryce). Organized crime was invented during Prohibition, and America would have to deal with it for many years to come (“Teaching with Documents”). All of Capone’s revenue was made from bootlegging and the selling of alcohol. Many other gangsters during this time made their legacies just on bootlegging, ” Prohibition made life in America more violent, with open rebellion against the law and organized crime”(“Teaching with Documents”).
Prohibition brought even physical harm to people. Since alcohol was no longer legal, the purity of it was no longer regulated (“Prohibition of Alcohol”). So when people started making their own alcohol, they were not sure if it was pure enough to drink or not:
Because alcohol was illegal, its purity was not regulated. While fruit, vegetable, and grain alcohol is usually safe, alcohol made from wood is not — but it is difficult to tell the difference until too late. Over 10,000 people died during Prohibition from drinking wood alcohol. Others who were not killed went permanently blind or had severe organ damage. The same happens today with illegal drugs — most overdoses are accidental, a result from not knowing the purity or strength of the drug. And who knows how many people died because of organized crime, or due to corrupt or overburdened police. (Florien)
Many people died throughout these years, because at the time, criminals and organized crime could not be stopped partly due to corruption throughout the law enforcement, the court system, and politics. This was going on mostly in big urban areas like Chicago and New York. At this time organized crime became so big that mobsters would bribe and threaten police and politicians, “If mobsters couldn’t buy or successfully threaten someone in a powerful position, they either ‘wiped them out’ or, following more democratic principles, ran a candidate against the incumbent in the next election” (Florien). Because of this many mobsters and people involved in organized crime came into politics. Corruption still exists today throughout the law system of the U.S. (Florien). Prohibition also caused long term affects on these people because it changed the drinking habits of Americans, and these affects are still noticeable in today’s society (Florien). People now did not drink socially, so they would go out to get drunk. Since they were not allowed to be seen with a bottle of any kind of liquor, it was easier to finish it than carry it around (Florien). Stronger liquors became much more popular, because it was more concentrated and easier to smuggle (Florien). So now people began to drink more and more concentrated alcohol than before, “Ironically, Prohibition also increased the amount people drank. Drinking has never again returned to pre-Prohibition levels” (Florien). By making alcohol illegal, it made other substances more popular which were worse for the human body, like cigarettes,” It was also far more harmful and addictive than alcohol” (Florien). By the 1930s, cigarettes were pretty much legal everywhere, and the consumption of them nearly tripled (Florien).
Since trying to stop people from drinking was a very hard law to enforce, everybody still did it, thus led to higher crime rates (“Teaching with Documents”). In the 1910s, crime rates were realtively low, but when Prohibtion went into effect, within two months crime rates tripled, because of crimes like the manufacturing, selling and use of alcohol, or crimes caused by mobsters who now relyed on alcohol (“Prohibition”). Prohibition overburdened the police, the courts and the penal system of that time:
You can’t throw everyone in jail — yet with Prohibition, even a small percentage of offenders couldn’t be locked away without overburdening the system. In 1923, for instance, the US District Attorneys spent 44% of their time on Prohibition cases. This takes time away from the real purpose of police and courts: to protect people and their possessions, not enforce a religious sect’s morality. (Florien)
The time spent on these Prohibition cases could have been used for something more useful like stopping organized crime, which could have affected America in a positive way in the long run. The police were spending almost half of their time on petty crimes like Prohibition cases, which do not even compare to real crimes Al Capone was committing, “When the police spend much of their time arresting and investigating crimes that cause no harm to others, the crimes that do cause harm increase and real criminals are more likely to go free” (Florien). When real criminals commit crimes and they are aware that they can get away, there is nothing to stop them, which later made an overwhelming disrespect for law enforcement nation wide. People disrespected law enforcement during Prohibition since everyone was still drinking. President Harding, at the time, admitted to drinking alcohol and even admitted to having a stash of bootlegged liquor in the White House (Blumenthal and Colvin 54). Whiskey could be bought as a prescrption and more whiskey was sold by the gallon than before Prohibition (Blumenthal and Colvin 62). Fifty percent of people drank before Prohibition, right when it went into affect a mere twenty percent dropped. By the end of it, sixty-five percent of American’s drank alcohol (Blumenthal and Colvin 109). Since people did not have respect over authority anymore, a new idea was formed. Abraham Lincoln once said, “Prohibition goes beyond the bounds of reason in that it attempts to control a man’s appetite by legislation and makes crimes out of things that are not crimes”(Florien). Bootleggers would even enhance their cars to out run cops. When a cop tried to pull over cars who were suspicous of bootlegging, the bootleggers would just take off and the cops could never catch up. As bootlegging became more popular throughout the South, bootleggers would meet up on Sundays to see who had the fastest car. People began to come and watch these races, and this later became Nascar (“Speed Weeks”). “Prohibition encouraged people to see the law as whimsical and unimportant, instead of something good and protecting. It did nothing to encourage the respect and obedience the law deserves” (Florien).
It remains unclear as to whether America has truly learned any lessons which the era of Prohibition has offered to teach. A review of the thirteen years of Prohibition in America would lead an educated person to conclude that this first attempt at temperance was a social, economic, and political mistake. It is largely regarded as a misguided attempt to legislate morality.
The war waged on alcohol during Prohibition appears to be very similar to the war on drugs today in America, with very similar outcomes. Enormous resources in time, money, law enforcement, and incarceration are wasted in an unsuccessful attempt to prohibit recreational drug use today, “On September 30, 2010, federal prisons held 190,641 inmates. Of these, 97,472 were serving time for drug offenses” (Mumola). Many people believe today that recreational drug use, like alcohol during Prohibition, is a victimless crime. Many believe it has been made a political issue for some politicians to convince voters that they are “hard on crime,” by relating recreational drug use to crime. Just like the increase in tax revenue from the repeal of Prohibition, if recreational drugs today were legalized, regulated, and taxed, the negative results which arose during Prohibition, and which have now, would be eliminated. If drugs were legalized, America would save untold billions of dollars in not having to enforce the prohibition of drug use (Mumola). Additionally, billions would be saved in not having to try the offenders in courts, and incarcerate those found guilty in prison, “Prisons are stretched beyond capacity, creating dangerous and unconstitutional conditions which often result in costly lawsuits” (Mumola). Today America faces the same problem as back during Prohibition by spending a great deal of money on crimes, which are not as serious as others that are being looked over because of the time spent on these drug related crimes:
The United States leads the world in the number of people incarcerated in federal and state correctional facilities. There are currently more than 2 million people in American prisons or jails. Approximately one-quarter of those people held in U.S. prisons or jails have been convicted of a drug offense. The United States incarcerates more people for drug offenses than any other country. With an estimated 6.8 million Americans struggling with drug abuse or dependence, the growth of the prison population continues to be driven largely by incarceration for drug offenses (Mumola).
In today’s difficult economic times, reducing government spending is a vital goal. Today law enforcement is just as overburdened with victimless crimes like drug use, as law enforcement was with alcohol during the Prohibition (Crow).
If drugs were legalized and thus regulated, the government could help ensure the safety of the products sold and avoid the horrible repeat of the wood alcohol poisoning that 10,000 thousand citizens, who were engaging in behavior that as much as sixty-five percent of their fellow citizens also chose to engage in, during the 13 years of Prohibition (Florien). Today, nearly four times as many people die each year from drug overdose (Crow). If drugs were legalized and taxed by the government, this in itself could also provide an additional source or revenue much needed today (Mumola). Not only would it act as an additional source of revenue but it would also create a way to reduce the power of criminals, who make their money and power off of the trafficking and selling of drugs (Crow). Perhaps most importantly the continued illegality of recreational drugs in America is directly responsible for the existence and growth of murderous drug cartels throughout the world that exist only to supply America’s want for currently illegal drugs (Mumola). “Prohibition was a massively failed attempt at legislating morality” (Florien). Prohibition, which started in 1920 and lasted to 1933, worsened the economy, enriched and empowered criminals brought physical harm to people, brought mobsters into politics, overburdened police, and made people grow a disrespect for law enforcement . As noted above, the thirteen year Prohibition period frightnigly resembles the current situation in America. So the question remains: Has America yet learned the lesson taught by Prohibition? In the recent national election of 2012, it was widely reported through intense media coveraged that two states, Colorado and Washington, by the votes of their citizens, have chosen to legalize the recreational use of marijuana. Perahps this is a fad or a trend. Only time and the future will tell. A close examination of the era of Prohibition in America however provides a clear lesson in which America should take notice of or be doomed to repeat it and suffer the consequences.
Works Cited
"1920 's Prohibition." 1920 's Prohibition. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. .
Blumenthal, Karen, and Jay Colvin. Bootleg: Murder, Moonshine, and the Lawless Years of Prohibition. New York: Roaring Brook, 2011. Print.
Bryce, Jenny.
"Prohibition in the United States." History Today. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. .
Crow, Jim. "Daily Kos." : The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration In The Age of Colorblindness. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. .
Florien, Daniel. "12 Bad Effects of Prohibition You Should Know." Unreasonable Faith. N.p.n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. .
Graham, Colleen. "The United States Prohibition of Alcohol - 1920-1933." About.com Cocktails. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. .
Lerner, Michael A. Dry Manhattan: Prohibition in New York City. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2007. Print. Mumola, Christopher J. "Prisons & Drug Offenders." Welcome. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. . “ Prohibition.” PBS.PBS,N.d,Web.05 Oct 2012
"Prohibition of Alcohol." Prohibition of Alcohol. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. .
Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Prohibition." About.com 20th Century History. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. . "Speed Weeks - Daytona Beach, Florida - History of NASCAR." Speed Weeks - Daytona Beach, Florida - History of NASCAR. Tinker Graphics, n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. .
"Teaching with Documents: The Volstead Act and Related Prohibition Documents." The Volstead Act. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012.
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