When The Covalent Bond Is Built Between Alanine And Carboxylic Acid

Name: Cora Wilke April 19, 2015
Laboratory 7: Building models of Biological MacromoleculesQuestions:
1. Which functional groups are involved in buiding a covalent bond between these amino acids?
Amine and Carboxylic acid = Amide

2. When the covalent bond is built between alanine and glycine, which functional group will alanine use for peptide bond?
Carboxylic Acid

3. When the covalent bond is built between alanine and glycine, which functional group will glycine use for peptide bond?
Amine

4. When the covalent bond is built between glycine and alanine, which functional group will alanine use for peptide bond?
Carboxylic Acid; the NOOH group of forms the peptide bond.

5. When the covalent bond is built between glycine and alanine,
which functional group will glycine use for peptide bond?
Amine

Part 2: Fat.
Questions:
6. Which functional group will be given by glycerol? OH Group (alcohol)

7. Which functional group will be given by butyric acid? Carboxylic Acid

8. What is a difference between fatty acids found in fats and oils? Saturated fats are solid (butter)

Unsaturated fats are liquid (olive oil) and are double bonded

9.
Part 4: Carbohydrates.

Questions:
1. Which functional groups are involved making the glycosidic bond? Alcohol

2. How many sugars are contained in a disaccharide? Give example of a disaccharide. Two Sucrose (Maltose)

3.
4. Complete the table below (Table 1).
Table 1:
Number
Name of the Carbohydrate
Names of component sugars
Source of the carbohydrate and function
1
Maltose
Glucose, Glucose
Wheat/ Barley
2
Sucrose
Glucose, Fructose
Sugar Cane, Fruit
3
Lactose
Galactose, Glucose
Milk
4
Starch
Glucose (poly)
Potatoes
5
Cellulose
Glucose (poly)
Cotton

Part 5: Nucleic Acids
DNA and RNA are two main types of nucleic acids in a cell. DNA is the stored genetic information in an organism while RNA has many different functions such as serving as a messenger for protein synthesis, making ribosomes, participating in protein synthesis and regulatory roles. Complete the following table (Table 2) about the composition of DNA and RNA.
Table 2:

Sugar
Phosphate present?
Nitrogen base
DNA
2 deoxyribose
Yes
Yes
RNA
Ribose
Yes
Yes (No T, Replaced with U)

Questions:
1. What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?
Ribose Deoxyribose
RNA DNA
-OH -H

2. Describe the differences between secondary structures of DNA and RNA.
DNA: Double Helix
RNA: Single Helix

A U G (RNA)
- - -
U A C

3. If sequence of one strand of DNA is TTAGCATGGCTC, what will be the sequence of the second strand?

TTAGCATGGCTC
AATCGTACCGAG

4. If sequence of DNA is TTAGCATGGCTC, what will be the sequence of the RNA?
TTAGCATGGCTC
AAUCGUACCGAG (mRNA)

5. If sequence of DNA is TTAGCATGGCTA, what will be the sequence of amino acids? TTAGCATGGCTA
AAUCGUACCGAU

AAU- CGU- ACC- GAU (mRNA)
UUA- GCA- UGG- CUA (tRNA)
(leucine) , (Alanine),( tryptophan), (Leucine)