Which Solutes Were Able To Pass Through The 200 Mwco Membrane
REVIEW SHEET
EXERCISE 1
Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability
NAME:
LAB TIME/DATE:
Simple Diffusion
1. The following refer to Activity 1: Simulating Dialysis (Simple Diffusion).
Which solute(s) were able to pass through the 20 MWCO membrane? None of the solutes were able to pass through the 20 MWCO membrane. A possible reason to why none of the of these solutes were able to pass through was because the solutes could have been too big to be transported.
According to your results, which solute had the highest molecular weight?
The solute that had the highest molecular weight was Albumin.
Which solute displayed the highest rate of diffusion through the 200 MWCO membrane?
The solute that displayed the highest rate of diffusion through the 200 MWCO …show more content…
membrane was NaCl.
Using the data from Chart 1, explain the relationship between the rate of diffusion and the size of the solute.
The smaller the solute particle, the greater the rate of diffusion.
Facilitated Diffusion
2. The following refer to Activity 2: Simulating Facilitated Diffusion.
Did any of the substances travel against their concentration gradient? Explain why or why not.
No, none of the substances travel against their concentration gradient. In facilitated diffusion, substances can move only down their concentration gradient.
Using your results from Chart 2, what was the fastest rate of facilitated diffusion recorded?
The fastest rate of facilitated diffusion recorded was 0.0038
Describe the conditions that were used to achieve this rate.
8mM glucose with 900 glucose carriers in the membrane.
Name two ways to increase the rate of glucose transport.
Two ways to increase the rate of glucose transport is to increase the amount of glucose in solution and to increase the number of glucose carriers in the membrane.
Did NaCl affect glucose transport?
No
Did NaCl require a transport protein for diffusion? Why or why not?
No because of its small size NaCl is able to diffuse down its concentration gradient without the aid of carriers.
Osmotic Pressure
3. The following refer to Activity 3: Simulating Osmotic Pressure.
For NaCl, which MWCO membrane(s) provided for the net movement of water without movement of NaCl?
20 MWCO
Explain how you determined this. (Hint: Correlate your results to the data in Chart 3.)
The buildup of osmotic pressure due to the presence of non-diffusible NaCl in the solution which causes water to diffuse down its concentration gradient.
For glucose, which MWCO membrane(s) provided for the net movement of glucose without net movement of water?
200 MWCO
Explain how you determined this.
There was no buildup of osmotic pressure which indicated that glucose is able to diffuse down its concentration gradient.
Is osmotic pressure generated if solutes diffuse freely?
No, osmotic pressure is not generated if solutes diffuse freely.
Explain how the solute concentration affects osmotic pressure.
The higher the solute concentration, the higher the osmotic pressure.
Filtration
4. The following refer to Activity 4: Simulating Filtration.
Using your results in Chart 4, which MWCO membrane had the greatest filtration rate?
200 MWCO
Explain the relationship between pore size and filtration rate.
The larger the pore size the greater the filtration rate. Which solute did not appear in the filtrate using any of the membranes?
The powdered charcoal.
What is your prediction of the molecular weight of glucose compared to the other solutes in the solution?
Since the filtration rate of glucose is less than that of NaCl and urea, its molecular weight would be greater.
What happened when you increased the driving pressure?
The rate of filtration will increase.
Explain why fluid flows from the capillaries of the kidneys into the kidney
tubules.
Because the capillary pressure is higher than the kidney tubule pressure. Therefore, filtration of small particles will occur from the capillaries into the kidney tubules.
How do you think a decrease in blood pressure would affect filtration in the kidneys?
Filtration will still occur, however, at a slower rate.
5. The following refer to Activity 5: Simulating Active Transport.
With 1 mM ATP added to the cell interior (left beaker) and the extracellular space (right beaker), was all of the Na+ moved into the extracellular space? Why or why not?
No, all of the Na+ was able to move into the extracellular space because there was a lack of ATP before completion.
Describe the effect of decreasing the number of sodium-potassium pumps.
The rate of active transport will decrease if fewer sodium-potassium pumps are available.
Describe how you were able to show that the movement of sodium was due to active transport.
There wasn’t movement of sodium until the sodium-potassium pumps were added. Once the pumps were added, the sodium was able to move from the left beaker into the right beaker going against its concentration gradient via active transport.
EXERCISE 1
Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability
NAME:
LAB TIME/DATE:
Simple Diffusion
1. The following refer to Activity 1: Simulating Dialysis (Simple Diffusion).
Which solute(s) were able to pass through the 20 MWCO membrane? None of the solutes were able to pass through the 20 MWCO membrane. A possible reason to why none of the of these solutes were able to pass through was because the solutes could have been too big to be transported.
According to your results, which solute had the highest molecular weight?
The solute that had the highest molecular weight was Albumin.
Which solute displayed the highest rate of diffusion through the 200 MWCO membrane?
The solute that displayed the highest rate of diffusion through the 200 MWCO …show more content…
membrane was NaCl.
Using the data from Chart 1, explain the relationship between the rate of diffusion and the size of the solute.
The smaller the solute particle, the greater the rate of diffusion.
Facilitated Diffusion
2. The following refer to Activity 2: Simulating Facilitated Diffusion.
Did any of the substances travel against their concentration gradient? Explain why or why not.
No, none of the substances travel against their concentration gradient. In facilitated diffusion, substances can move only down their concentration gradient.
Using your results from Chart 2, what was the fastest rate of facilitated diffusion recorded?
The fastest rate of facilitated diffusion recorded was 0.0038
Describe the conditions that were used to achieve this rate.
8mM glucose with 900 glucose carriers in the membrane.
Name two ways to increase the rate of glucose transport.
Two ways to increase the rate of glucose transport is to increase the amount of glucose in solution and to increase the number of glucose carriers in the membrane.
Did NaCl affect glucose transport?
No
Did NaCl require a transport protein for diffusion? Why or why not?
No because of its small size NaCl is able to diffuse down its concentration gradient without the aid of carriers.
Osmotic Pressure
3. The following refer to Activity 3: Simulating Osmotic Pressure.
For NaCl, which MWCO membrane(s) provided for the net movement of water without movement of NaCl?
20 MWCO
Explain how you determined this. (Hint: Correlate your results to the data in Chart 3.)
The buildup of osmotic pressure due to the presence of non-diffusible NaCl in the solution which causes water to diffuse down its concentration gradient.
For glucose, which MWCO membrane(s) provided for the net movement of glucose without net movement of water?
200 MWCO
Explain how you determined this.
There was no buildup of osmotic pressure which indicated that glucose is able to diffuse down its concentration gradient.
Is osmotic pressure generated if solutes diffuse freely?
No, osmotic pressure is not generated if solutes diffuse freely.
Explain how the solute concentration affects osmotic pressure.
The higher the solute concentration, the higher the osmotic pressure.
Filtration
4. The following refer to Activity 4: Simulating Filtration.
Using your results in Chart 4, which MWCO membrane had the greatest filtration rate?
200 MWCO
Explain the relationship between pore size and filtration rate.
The larger the pore size the greater the filtration rate. Which solute did not appear in the filtrate using any of the membranes?
The powdered charcoal.
What is your prediction of the molecular weight of glucose compared to the other solutes in the solution?
Since the filtration rate of glucose is less than that of NaCl and urea, its molecular weight would be greater.
What happened when you increased the driving pressure?
The rate of filtration will increase.
Explain why fluid flows from the capillaries of the kidneys into the kidney
tubules.
Because the capillary pressure is higher than the kidney tubule pressure. Therefore, filtration of small particles will occur from the capillaries into the kidney tubules.
How do you think a decrease in blood pressure would affect filtration in the kidneys?
Filtration will still occur, however, at a slower rate.
5. The following refer to Activity 5: Simulating Active Transport.
With 1 mM ATP added to the cell interior (left beaker) and the extracellular space (right beaker), was all of the Na+ moved into the extracellular space? Why or why not?
No, all of the Na+ was able to move into the extracellular space because there was a lack of ATP before completion.
Describe the effect of decreasing the number of sodium-potassium pumps.
The rate of active transport will decrease if fewer sodium-potassium pumps are available.
Describe how you were able to show that the movement of sodium was due to active transport.
There wasn’t movement of sodium until the sodium-potassium pumps were added. Once the pumps were added, the sodium was able to move from the left beaker into the right beaker going against its concentration gradient via active transport.