White Collar Crimw in India
This thought evolved with the Criminologist and Sociologist Edwin H. Sutherland, in the year 1939, who popularised the term ̳white collar crimes‘ by defining such a crime as one
―committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation.‖ Sutherland also included crimes committed by corporations and other legal entities within his definition. Sutherland‘s study of white collar crime was prompted by the view that criminology had incorrectly focused on social and economic determinants of crime, such as family background and level of wealth. It is true to the common knowledge that there are certain professions which offer lucrative opportunities for criminal acts and unethical practises which is very often overlooked by the general mass of the society. There have been crooks and unethical persons in business, various other professions, who tend to become unscrupulous because of no reason apart from the thirst of gaining more and more for themselves. These deviants have least regard for ethical and moral human values. Therefore,
INTRODUCTION
IRJC
International Journal of Social Science & Interdisciplinary Research
Vol.1 Issue 9, September 2012, ISSN 2277 3630 they carry on their illegal activities with impunity without the fear of loss of respect and prestige. These crimes are of the nature of ̳white collar crimes‘ which is the essential outcome of the development of the competent economy of the twenty-first century.
CHRONOLOGICAL MILIEU OF THE EMERGENCE OF WHITE COLLAR
CRIMES
The earliest documented case of white-collar crime law dates back to 15th century is
England. There has been a case popularly known as the Carrier‘s case of 1473, where the agent was entrusted to transport wool and he attempted to steal some of it for him. Therefore the Star Chamber and Exchequer Chamber of the English Court of Law adopted the ̳breaking bulk‘ doctrine as it constituted the crime of larceny. However, the growth of
―committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation.‖ Sutherland also included crimes committed by corporations and other legal entities within his definition. Sutherland‘s study of white collar crime was prompted by the view that criminology had incorrectly focused on social and economic determinants of crime, such as family background and level of wealth. It is true to the common knowledge that there are certain professions which offer lucrative opportunities for criminal acts and unethical practises which is very often overlooked by the general mass of the society. There have been crooks and unethical persons in business, various other professions, who tend to become unscrupulous because of no reason apart from the thirst of gaining more and more for themselves. These deviants have least regard for ethical and moral human values. Therefore,
INTRODUCTION
IRJC
International Journal of Social Science & Interdisciplinary Research
Vol.1 Issue 9, September 2012, ISSN 2277 3630 they carry on their illegal activities with impunity without the fear of loss of respect and prestige. These crimes are of the nature of ̳white collar crimes‘ which is the essential outcome of the development of the competent economy of the twenty-first century.
CHRONOLOGICAL MILIEU OF THE EMERGENCE OF WHITE COLLAR
CRIMES
The earliest documented case of white-collar crime law dates back to 15th century is
England. There has been a case popularly known as the Carrier‘s case of 1473, where the agent was entrusted to transport wool and he attempted to steal some of it for him. Therefore the Star Chamber and Exchequer Chamber of the English Court of Law adopted the ̳breaking bulk‘ doctrine as it constituted the crime of larceny. However, the growth of