The failures of 1848-9 could be blamed on the poor leadership of Individuals such as Charles Albert and Mazzini. Victor emmanuel.However there are other contributing factors that should be taken into account. The aim was freedom from Austrian, absolutism rule,Mazzini set up a republic in Rome which lasted only 100 days.
In 1848, the pope left Rome in hope of finding salvation Naples, His absence allowed Mazzini to set up his government, in which he announced a number of reformations, He fixed the taxing system, unpopular with the public and introduced a constituent. It announced the end to the pope’s reign over Rome and the beginnings of the republic, with Mazzini