You may list, as students report out, the physiological changes to the respiratory, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and urinary systems expected during strenuous exercise and as noted in the case of the cyclist, Joe. Students will respond with answers suggesting increases in heart rate, respiration, sweating and muscle fatigue, as well as muscle soreness as normal. However, in reality, in an effort to sustain maximum energy output over extended periods of time, endurance athletes train so that organ systems make the necessary physiological adaptations and are not subject to radical changes in function. Metabolic changes can occur with extensive endurance training in the muscles, hearts and lungs of the athlete, increasing efficiency of system utilization (Thompson, 2000).…