Why Do Prokaryotes Have Organelles

Unit 15
D1

Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes have no organized nucleus but instead they their DNA clumped in an area but there is no organized nucleus with a membrane. This is because prokaryotes don't have mitosis or meiosis like other cells. Scientists don't really have a good way of describing how they duplicate, but it's not through normal means. It is sometimes called simple mitosis.
On the other hand eukaryotes have a nucleus which contains the DNA and the information necessary to grow reproduce and function. The Information is stored in thin molecules of DNA. This is needed for cells to perform by the cell in the process of life and reproduction. One of the functions of the nucleus is to protect the DNA in the cell from becoming damaged.
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes have organelles because it has to carry out so many complicated activities to do in the body.
One example of an organelle is the endoplasmic reticulum. The ER is a series of membranes extending throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes. The rough ER is the location of protein synthesis in a cell because it contains ribosomes however; the smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is responsible for producing lipids. Within the ribosomes, amino acids are actually bound together to form proteins. Cisternae are spaces within the folds of the ER membranes.
The bacterial cell wall is made of peptidoglycan or murein. This rigid structure of peptidoglycan in prokaryotes gives the cell shape and surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane. Peptidoglycan is a huge polymer of disaccharides. In fungi, the cell wall contains a polysaccharide called chitin. Plant cells however don’t chitin as their cell walls are made completely out of polysaccharide cellulose. Cell walls provide support and help cells resist mechanical pressures, but they are not solid, so materials are able to pass through rather
However, the DNA of prokaryotes is not wrapped in nuclear membrane since they have no membrane-bound organelles so instead there is a "clump" of DNA which is called a nucleoid instead of a nucleus. Eukaryotes have one or more paired linear chromosomes because they are needed for reproduction because it doesn’t cut short any genes during replication.
Prokaryotes are generally smaller than eukaryotes because they don’t need the space as they don’t have any organelles. If they were any bigger, it would be useless. Eukaryotes however are larger because they have so many organelles e.g. Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, chloroplasts etc. Prokaryotes tend to be 0.2-2.0 in diameter while the eukaryotes tend to be 10-100 m in