There is a strong need for better instrumentation and investigation on effects of nuclear explosions. The electromagnetic pulse generated by high-altitude nuclear explosion that appeared to have significant differences from the lower-altitude explosions. The auroras that appeared almost instantaneously far away from the explosion in opposite hemisphere are not clearly understood. The nature of the possible radiation belts that were initially generated along the magnetic field lines connecting the areas of the auroral displays was also poorly understood. Areas of blackout of radio communication need to be understood in more detail for military operations during periods of possible nuclear…
For a long period which could have lasted several years, dust and other debris from the impact formed a layer on the surface of the Earth.(13) This may have caused a threat to the survival of terrestrial animals.(13) Sunlight was unable to reach the surface of the Earth and this would have contributed to the cooling effect.(13) This layer on the Earth would have been created when the intense force of the asteroid hit Earth in the second stage which caused small pieces of earth and dust to scatter.(13) The intense wind following the event would have contributed to the spread of the debris.(7) After the asteroid, the sky would have darkened and would not have returned to its normal state for a number of months or even years.(7) The darkening of the sky must have been caused by the release of gases and distribution of dust.(7) The gases released included 10,000 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide, 100 billion tonnes of carbon monoxide and 100 billion tonnes of methane.(7) This release would have also temporarily destroyed the ozone layer.(7) The darkening of the sky made photosynthesis difficult and threatened the food chain as many plants were unable to grow.(7) Photosynthesis relies heavily on the sunlight and the darkness of the sky restricted the amount filtering through to the…
* Scientists noticed that all stars & planets are moving away from Earth which supports the theory that a massive explosion once occurred. (Big Bang)…
radiation lingered in the atmosphere above the city. Back then little was known about what…
When a streak of light ran across the sky and crashed into the earth the…
According to the nebular theory of solar system formation, the collapse of the solar nebula caused the nebula to…
Once the reconstruction was done the investigators found that the area with a 20 inch squared whole on the left side on the lower fuselage and the skin had patterns that were consistent with an explosion. (Wikipedia) With further examination the investigators…
3. Slowly drag the temperature (T) slider back and forth. (Note: In this Gizmo, the Kelvin scale is used to measure temperature. On the Kelvin scale, 0 degrees is absolute zero, the coldest possible temperature. Absolute zero is equal to -273.15 °C or -459.67 °F)…
The disaster claimed the lives of all seven astronauts aboard, including Christa McAuliffe, a teacher from New Hampshire who had been selected to join the mission and teach lessons from space to schoolchildren around the country. The other astronauts on challenger’s last flight were: Dick Scobee, Mike Smith, Ellison Onizuka, Judy Resnik, Ron McNair, and Greg Jarvis. All seven of the crew members were dedicated and ready to make history. After the explosion the commission took picture and, examined the leftover pieces of the shuttle. The commission soon identified failure of the O-rings as the cause of the accident. Photos and videotape of the launch showed a fire plume escaping from the right solid rocket booster. The flame grew larger and eventually burned through the bottom connecting strut that held the booster to the external tank. (Cole, Michael D.pg.22) The photos and videos helped find out what exactly happened during the explosion. Failure of one of the solid rocket booster joints, including the rubber O-rings, was determined to have caused the accident. The black smoke, the first sign of the disaster, came from the O-rings being incinerated by the rocket's normal exhaust gases. And why did the O-rings fall? At launch it was only 2.22 degrees Celsius, more than 8 degrees Celsius colder than at the previous coldest launch. In such cold the rubber O-rings lost much of their flexibility (one of the commission's…
Surface pressure 851.7mb. In February 1951 weather-wise article described the situation: “as foul as any meteorologist could imagine for such a monumental event”. At 8:00p.m. On July 15th localized thunderstorms moved in to the area, 30mph winds proceeded until 11:30p.m. About 90 minutes before the scheduled time, the “zero point” for the test hit, where the detonation was to take place.…
What was the soundless, violent explosion that Eiseley refers to? Why could this be referred to as an explosion?…
Euthanasia, formally known as mercy killing, is the act of intentionally causing the painless death of a sick person, rather than allowing that person to die naturally. In terms of a physician's actions, it can be passive in that a physician plays no direct role in the death of the person or it can be active in that the physician does something directly to cause the death (Yount, 2002). Euthanasia may also be formed into three types of act, which are voluntary, involuntary, and nonvoluntary. Voluntary involves killing the patient at his or her request. Involuntary occurs when the patient does not give consent, or refuses. Nonvoluntary is where the patient is not able to make the decision about their medical treatment so it is up to a third party to make the decision for them (Yount, 2002). Legalizing euthanasia would cause many complications because we are dealing with a very controversial issue that brings into focus some extremely powerful, conflicting, and competing values. Under the Canadian Criminal Code, active voluntary euthanasia is illegal and individuals can be convicted for 14 years for murder (Ogden & Young, 2000). Passive euthanasia has been legal because the courts have recognized the right of a patient to refuse and to terminate unwanted medical treatments. The question that remains today is whether legalizing active euthanasia in Canada could either benefit or harm not only the individuals involved, but also society as a whole.…
[ 2 ]. "Primary Sources." Redirection to Equivalent @ Cengage. http://college.cengage.com/history/us/resources/students/primary/atomicbomb.htm (accessed May 10, 2012).…
Marketing professionals emphasize on creating, maintaining, protecting, and enhancing brands. There are four stages in life of any product i.e. Introduction, Growth, Maturity and Decline. The same stages also faced by COLGATE Toothpaste brand. This research is an endeavor in the direction to find out what business strategies did Colgate adopted and how has it reached and maintained its brand name and market share till date. For the study secondary data has been used which was collected by other researchers and data collecting firms and from company itself.…
Summer! Summer! Summer! How nice does it feel sitting on the beach as the wind hits you across your face? I recall a time this summer when I went to spend a day at the Seven President Beach in Longbranch, New Jersey. This day was a really special day to me. It was a really special day to me because I was able to spend time with my family.…