William Pitt's Bill Responsible For Social Reforms

As time went by, William Pitt submitted a Bill to the British Parliament, calling for the creation of a police force in London. Although this proposal was met with instant opposition, Pitt strongly argued that this new force would be responsible for apprehending criminals and preventing crime and that the presence of the police would be a deterrent to crime. Despite this strong argument, Pitt‘s Bill was withdrawn. This setback did not end reform efforts, because the Bow Street Runners expanded in number to include mounted patrols, which policed the rural areas outside the City of London in an effort to increase police visibility and crime prevention (Anonymous (a) 1996).

According to Uchida (2004), it was Eric Monkkonen - a scholar - who took
an entirely different approach in 1981 by using quantitative methods to explain the development of policing in 23 cities from 1860 to 1920. Uchida (2004) further states that it is Monkkonen who pointed out the origin of the concept crime prevention. In addition, these historical analyses revealed the challenges of corruption, brutality, and inefficiency in policing. The major emphasis of Monkkonen‘s (1992) work was to examine the development in policing since 900 A.D. and to determine whether the role of the police in America and all over the world has changed over a period of about 300 years.