1. What were some of the characteristics of the early emigration efforts of Pan-Africanists prior to the twentieth century?
One of the soonest indications of Pan-Africanism came in the names that African people groups provided for their religious foundations. From the late-1780s ahead, free blacks in the United States created their churches because of racial isolation in white churches. They were tired, for instance, of being limited to church displays and submitting to church decides that disallowed them from being covered in church cemeteries. In 1787 an adolescent black Methodist minister, Richard Allen, alongside an alternate Black minister, Absalom Jones, secured the Free African Society, a generous association that held religious administrations and common support "free of charge Africans and their relatives" in Philadelphia. In 1794 Jones acknowledged a position as minister of the Free African Society's African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas. Allen, fancying to lead a Methodist gathering, made in southern