Oliver Bonham-Carter, Prajol Shakya, Cory Becker, Jasmine Timilsina, Padmapriya Madamanch April 24, 2012
Abstract Grape vines, to a wine producer, are the asset of the business since they supply the most fundamental element of the wine making process. Every measure must be taken to ensure that these grape vines are in excellent health – properly watered, given enough light, and etc. If the grape vines have been not been properly watered or are suffering from some preventable cause, then this information is extremely important to the wine producers who could use it to make decisions to better the vines’ health. In the old days, farmers would need inspect the field manually to determine the over-all plant health. With the help of wireless sensors, this evaluation can be done automatically and with more precision to better determine the health of the vines. In addition, wireless sensors are able to make these readings from each section of the field which provides the wine producers with information which can be used to properly water each section, for example, to maintain the specific levels of hydration which the vines require. In this paper we discuss how wireless sensors are an efficient, cost-effective measure which wine producers, and even general farms, can employ to better care for the plants which make their business. We discuss several technical subjects; technologies, problems with connectivity and their solutions) behind the function of wireless sensors to argue that wireless sensors are extremely helpful for wine production and general crop production. The benefit of the surveillance by wireless sensors support ideas that wireless sensors are a technology which we expect to see in use for farming applications for a very long time.
1
Introduction
A glass a day keeps the doctor away is an old saying that highlights the benefits of wine consumption. In fact, 87% of wine consumers believe that, in moderation, red
References: [1] M. Keshtgari and A. Deljoo, A Wireless Sensor Network Solution for Precision Agriculture Based on Zigbee Technology, Wireless Sensor Network, Vol. 4 No. 1, 2012, pp. 25-30. doi:10.4236/wsn.2012.41004. [2] M. A. Hebel. Meeting Wide-Area Agricultural Data Acquisition and Control Challenges through ZigBee Wireless Network Technology, Computers in Agriculture and Natural Resources, 4th World Congress Conference, pp. 234-239, July, 2006 [3] Michael J. Mcglynn and Steven A. Borbash. Birthday protocols for low energy deployment and flexible neighbor discovery in ad hoc wireless networks. In MobiHoc 01: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing, pages 137-145, New York, NY, USA, 2001. ACM. [4] Martin Kubisch, Hogan Karl, Adam Wolisz, Lizhi Charlie Zhong, Jan Rabaey. ”Distributed Algorithms for Transmission Power Control in Wireless Sensor Networks”. Proceedings WCNS03, IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, March, 2003. [5] Nina Wang, Naiqian Zhang, Maohua Wang. Wireless Sensors in Agriculture and Food IndustryRecent Development and Future Perspective, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Vol. 50, Issue 1, pages 1-14, January 2006. doi:10.1016/j.compag.2005.09.003. [6] Neelam Srivastava. Challenges of Next-Generation Wireless Sensor Networks and its impact on Society. Journal of Telecommunications, Vol. 1, Issue 1, February 2010. [7] H. Karl, A. Willig, A. Wolisz. Proceedings of the Work-in-Progress Session of the 1st European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks. Telecommunication Networks Group, January 2004. [8] Kshitij Shinghal, Arti Noor, Neelam Srivastava, Raghuvir Singh, Low Power pH Sensor For - Wireless Sensor Network Node Agricultural Application, MIT International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 22-26, Jan 2011. [9] Andre Barroso , Utz Roedig and Cormac J. Sreenan. Maintenance Awareness in Wireless Sensor Networks. Mobile & Internet Systems Laboratory (MISL), University College Cork, Ireland. [10] A.D. Siuli Roy and S. Bandyopadhyay. Agro-Sense: Precision Agriculture Using SensorBased Wireless Mesh Networks. Innovations in NGN: Future Network and Services, 2008. K-INGN 2008. First ITU-T Kaleidoscope Academic Conference, pages 383-388, 12-13 May 2008.doi:10.1109/KINGN.2008.4542291. [11] Luis Ruiz-Garcia, Loredana Lunadei, Pilar Barreiro, and Jose Ignacio Robla. A Review of Wireless Sensor Technologies and Applications in Agriculture and Food Industry: State of the Art and Current Trends. Sensors (Basel), Vol. 9, Issue 6, pages 4728-4750, June 2009. doi:10.3390/s90604728. [12] Yu-Chee Tseng, Meng-Shiuan Pan, Chih-Wei Yi. Wireless sensor networks. AccessScience, McGrawHill Companies, 2008. [13] D.P Franzmeier, W.D. Hosteter, and R.E. Roeske. Drainage and Wet Soil Management. Purdue Extension, June 2001. [14] Simon Steve, Victor Lifton, and Fred Allen. ”Extending the life of wireless sensor networks.” Sensor Report. (2009): 31-33. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. http://ebookbrowse.com/mphase-sensor-report-03-2009-pdf-d69770374. [15] . Energy harvesting for mobile eco-efficient wireless sensor networks. Industrial Systems Institute. 14 http://www.i3e.eu/innovation/i3e_swot /EnergyHarvesting_SWOT.pdf [16] ZigBee Topologies. Jennic and NXP Semiconductors. http://www.jennic.com/elearning/zigbee/files/html/module2/module2-1.htm [17] QuickPath Program to WirelessHART Compliance. E-Senza Technologies. March 2009. http://www.scribd.com/doc/52704453/QuickPath-Programto-WirelessHART-Compliance [18] Wine. Mintel Reports, October 2011. http://academic.mintel.com/sinatra/oxygen_academic /search_results/show&/display/id=542988/display/id=599180/display /id=599180 [19] D. Louie. ABC KGO. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4sO2m4h7oM [20] Cavin Choy, David Kim, Jason Chong, Devin Galutira. ZigBee. 2011. http://www-ee.eng.hawaii.edu/~tep/Projects/F06/Proposal/Zigbee.ppt [21] Zigbee Versus Other Wireless Networking Standards. Software Technologies Group, Inc. http://www.stg.com/wireless/ZigBee_comp.html [22] D. Louie. ABC and news presentation. ABC 2010. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4sO2m4h7oM [23] Skip Ashton. ZigBee Technology Overview. ZigBee Alliance. 2009. Retrieved April 22, 2012, from https://docs.zigbee.org/zigbee-docs/dcn/09-5376.pdf [24] (Stagecoach Vineyard, 2012). Stagecoach Vineyard. Retrieved April 8, 2012, from http://12.49.221.170:9080/ http://www.stagecoachvineyard.com/ 15