Woldiya Town Character Analysis

In terms of landscape characteristics, the town has a rugged topography. It is encircled by the mountains of Gabriel (north) and Korie (south). The town runs along the corridors of these mountains. In other words, it is a mountainous town with an elevation ranging from 1840 meter to 2170meter a.s.l.topographically; the built-areas of the town are located around the part of the mountain which slopes down. The slopping down continues along the west and south-west directions, making these directions important areas of town expansion (WTWSSP, 2012).

1.7.2 Hydrogeology of the Area

As the lithological units of the area are hard volcanic rock resulted from the cooling of magma, primary porosity is less that cannot allow exploitable ground water
At the valley bottom starting from the foot of mountains surrounding the town, there is a relatively plain area elongated from south to north and covered by alluvial sediments. All the streams of the area are structural controlled and start from the foot of mountains and join finally Alwuha River which is the tributary to Awash River. Most of these streams join the main river at a angular pattern that show E-W running secondary faults dissecting the S-N running primary faults.

Most streams of the area are intermittent except Tikur-wuha, which is the principal collector of streams found west of the town and downstream makes Alwuha River. Srinka and Mersa Rivers are perennial streams located south of Woldiya town, within 50kms radius, and are the tributaries of Awash River. Four un-named perennial rivers are crossing the Woldiya town and form a confluence with Gatira River within the town itself and finally flow to the Tikur-wuha River. The three streams emanate from the north and the remaining one from the south of the town (WTWSSP, 2012).
1.7.4 Socio-Economic Features of Woldiya
This study therefore tried to look into the problem of water supply and distribution of Woldiya town using the application of EPANET software. As the town is geographically characterized by mountains and sloppy physical features, inadequate water distribution to kebeles found at higher elevation has been one of the characterizing features of the town’s water supply.
Data for the EPANET application were collected from the source of water (borehole) to the distribution line. As they embody the major distributional and supply problem of water in the town, the data collected represent the town.

The town has six zones or schemes. Of these, the study focused on scheme-1 and Scheme-2 of the town’s water distribution network systems. These two schemes are the largest ones and cover wide areas of the town. Believing that focusing on them could give the chance to better analyze the challenge for the sustainable supply of water in the town, this study analyzed the distribution networks of these schemes using EPANET. Data was thus collected on the town’s hydraulic performance system, and on problems related to pipe, pump and valve placement and sizing were collected for the successful application for the EPANET software in these two