Preview

Women Empowerment

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
19986 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Women Empowerment
Women’s Empowerment Revisited:
From Individual to Collective Power among the Export Sector Workers of Bangladesh
Naomi Hossain
March 2012
IDS WORKING PAPER
Volume 2012 No 389
2
The Poverty and Inequality research cluster, part of the Vulnerability and Poverty Reduction team at IDS, produces research on poverty, inequality and wellbeing. Our research challenges orthodox views on the nature of poverty, how poverty is understood and how policy can best accelerate poverty reduction. Our work focuses on poverty and wellbeing through the lens of equity and inequality. Poverty is not only about 'poor ' people but also about the social and economic inequalities that compound and reproduce poverty.
Email: poverty@ids.ac.uk
Web: www.ids.ac.uk/research-teams/vulnerability-and-poverty-reduction-team/researchthemes/ poverty-inequality-and-wellbeing PI WP001
The Vulnerability and Poverty Reduction (VPR) Team aims to construct dynamic and multidimensional perspectives on vulnerability and poverty in order to transform thinking, policy and practice. The VPR team produces working papers on social protection; conflict, violence and development; and poverty and inequality. Follow this link to view a full list of publications: www.ids.ac.uk/go/research-teams/vulnerability-and-poverty-reduction-team Women’s Empowerment Revisited: From Individual to Collective Power among the Export Sector Workers of Bangladesh
Naomi Hossain
IDS Working Paper 389
First published by the Institute of Development Studies in March 2012
© Institute of Development Studies 2012
ISSN: 2040-0209 ISBN: 978-1-78118-046-4
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library.
All rights reserved. Reproduction, copy, transmission, or translation of any part of this publication may be made only under the following conditions:
• with the prior permission of the publisher; or
• with a licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd., 90 Tottenham Court Road,



References: Afsar, R. (2004) ‘Bangladeshi Women 's Entry into Overseas Manufacturing: New Signals and Policy Paradigms’, Feminist Review 77: 175–9 —— (1999) ‘Rural-urban Dichotomy and Conference: Emerging Realities in Bangladesh’, Environment and Urbanization 11: 235–46 Ahmed, F.E. (2004) ‘The Rise of the Bangladesh Garment Industry: Globalization, Women Workers, and Voice’, Feminist Formations 16.2: 34–45 Ahmed, N. (2009) ‘Sustaining Ready-made Garment Exports from Bangladesh’, Journal of Contemporary Asia 39.4: 597–618 Ahmed, N. and Peerlings, J.H.M. (2008) ‘Addressing Workers’ Rights in the Textile and Apparel Industries: Consequences for the Bangladesh Economy’, World Development Bangladesh’, Public Administration and Development 28: 1–13 —— (2007) ‘Changes in Employment in Bangladesh, 2000–2005: The Impacts on Poverty Ali, R.N.; Begum, F.; Salehin, M.M. and Farid, K.S. (2008) ‘Livelihood Pattern of Rural Women Garment Workers at Dhaka City’, Journal of Bangladesh Agricultural University —— (2001) ‘Formulating an Agenda for the Women 's Movement: A Review of Naripokkho’, Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 2.3: 389–94 Batliwala, S. (2007) ‘Taking the Power Out of Empowerment – An Experiential Account’, Development in Practice 17.4 and 5: 557–65 BBS (2008) Report of the Labour Force Survey Bangladesh 2005–06, Dhaka: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics 34 —— (2002) Report of the Labour Force Survey Bangladesh 1999–2000, Dhaka: Bangladesh Bhattacharya, D. and Rahman, B. (1999) Female Employment Under Export Propelled Industrialization: Prospects for Internalizing Global Opportunities in the Apparel Sector Bhattacharya, D. and Rahman, M. (2000) Experience with Implementation of WTO-ATC and Implications for Bangladesh, CPD Occasional Paper Series 7, Dhaka: Centre for Policy Chaudhuri Zohir, S. and Paul-Majumder, P. (1996) Garment Workers in Bangladesh: Economic, Social and Health Condition, BIDS Research Monographs 18, Dhaka: Chowdhury, F.D. (2010) ‘Middle Class Married Women’s Income in Bangladesh: Who Controls it and How?’, African and Asian Studies 9: 1–30 Cornwall, A.; Gideon, J. and Wilson, K. (2008) ‘Introduction: Reclaiming Feminism: Gender and Neoliberalism’, IDS Bulletin 39.6 CPD (2011) ‘State of the Bangladesh Economy in FY2010‐11 (First Reading)’, draft paper, Dhaka: Centre for Policy Dialogue —— (2010) State of the Bangladesh Economy in FY 2009–10: From Stability to Accelerated Growth, CPD Occasional Paper Series 86, Dhaka: Centre for Policy Dialogue —— (2007) ‘Gender Dimension of Employment in the RMG Sector: Recent Evidence from the Field Survey’, CPD Dialogue Report 89, Dhaka: Centre for Policy Dialogue Dannecker, P. (1999) Conformity or Resistance? Women Workers in the Garment Factories in Bangladesh, Universität Bielefeld Sociology of Development Research Centre Bangladesh’, Signs 26.4: 1097–127 —— (2009) ‘Historicizing Garment Manufacturing in Bangladesh: Gender, Generation, and Routledge Government of Bangladesh (2009a) Steps Towards Change: National Strategy for —— (2009b) The Millennium Development Goals Bangladesh Progress Report 2009, Dhaka: General Economics Division, Planning Commission, People’s Republic of Bangladesh —— (2000) National Education Policy, Dhaka: Ministry of Education Haider, M.Z —— (2005) Elite Perceptions of Poverty in Bangladesh, Dhaka: University Press Limited Hossain, N —— (2008) ‘Crime, Violence, and Insecurity’, chapter four in The State of Governance in

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    “Poverty entails more than the lack of income and productive resources to ensure sustainable livelihoods. Its manifestations include hunger and malnutrition, limited access to education and other basic services, social discrimination and exclusion as well as the lack of participation in decision making. Various social groups bear disproportionate burden of poverty.” – United Nations Social Policy and Development…

    • 718 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Poverty Source Notes

    • 2947 Words
    • 12 Pages

    "Poverty." Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection. Gale, Cengage Learning, 2010.Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 11 Dec. 2012.…

    • 2947 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Define Poverty In America

    • 770 Words
    • 4 Pages

    In the world, there are many definitions and variations to words, but the world falls short when attempting to define the word poverty. People in the world, claim to easily define poverty with definitions like anyone who cannot afford basic resources or if one is homeless they suffer from poverty, but little do they know that they are greatly mistaken. Poverty owns a median, a median that only a select few fall under, which is truly unfair. There is a median that poverty carries along, drawing out the boundaries, for who is considered to be under poverties grasp, while the world decides who gets the support needed to break free from its hold. . Many can define poverty by the definition of “the state of being extremely poor” but little do they…

    • 770 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    As I mentioned earlier poverty has many different meanings to many different people living across the globe. For example the organization as we all know as the United Nations defines poverty as “Poverty is a denial of choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. It means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. It means not having enough to feed and clothe a family, not having a school or clinic to go to; not having the land on which to grow one’s food or a job to earn one’s living, not having access to credit. It means insecurity, powerlessness and exclusion of individuals, households and communities. It means susceptibility to violence, and it often implies living in marginal or fragile environments, without access to clean water or sanitation”. Often times the way people define poverty is based upon their experiences and what they have read, saw about poverty. But my definition of poverty is what I have experienced with my own two eyes. I was born in a small country with a very small population called Guyana. Living in Guyana I have had to experience poverty growing up as a young child. At a very young age my parents didn’t have necessities to give me…

    • 1362 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Empowerment of Women

    • 1129 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Throughout the centuries, the format of fairy tales has changed drastically. Ancient fairy tales started out aimed towards an adult audience, talking about sex and violence and taking a mainly patriarchal view. Twentieth century writers have not only changed the style and format of more modern fairy tales, but they have also retold the traditional fairy tales, aiming them more at children and diminishing the patriarchal views. This essay will compare ancient and twentieth century fairy tales, showing how more modern fairy tale texts eliminate the patriarchal views and empowers women. Through the use of intelligence and devoted strength, fairy tale formats have changed from patriarchal societies to societies that empower women.…

    • 1129 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Mr pang

    • 1604 Words
    • 11 Pages

    All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written…

    • 1604 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    A closer look at the globalization will show that it has both positive and negative impacts on the economy of Bangladesh. A thorough understanding of the effect of globalization is needed to maintain a sustained growth in the face of likely economic peril. It brings changes on the living condition, status of the poor and rural people. The garment sector opens the door of sufficiency to the people who previously lived in a hurdle condition. The most beneficiaries are the women who were deprived from the society but now they have power to earn. This economic revaluation is not only creates a skilled sector but also gradually decreased unemployment problem. This paper attempts to take a fresh look at the impact of…

    • 328 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    managing sypply chain risk

    • 129195 Words
    • 517 Pages

    All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written…

    • 129195 Words
    • 517 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    rafi

    • 2697 Words
    • 11 Pages

    Garment sector is the largest employer of women in Bangladesh. The garment sector has provided employment opportunities to women from the rural areas that previously did not have any opportunity to be part of the formal workforce. This has given women the chance to be financially independent and have a voice in the family because now they contribute financially.…

    • 2697 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Palmal Group

    • 5838 Words
    • 24 Pages

    In Bangladesh, the Ready Made Garments sector is playing an important role in enhancing our economy and this sector draws global attention for its quality production and huge employment women workers. From decades after decades it seems that the dependence on Garment industry growing in Bangladesh. Textiles make up about 85% of Bangladesh's exports, earning the country some $6bn annually and currently, this sector employs approximately 2.2 million workers, of whom almost 80% are women. (Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh, 2008 edition). Though this sector is dealing with a large number of female labor pool but most of them are unaware about the health and safety issues as well as their rights for the secure working environment and equal treatment. It is fair to say that this sector has created enormous economic opportunities for the country’s women. Despite the great effort which these brave women working hard day and night are showing, are not getting the due recognition from their employers which they very rightly deserve. Not only that, they are even denied of their basic rights. When it comes to their reproductive health and other related issues, very less importance are given. Although the scenario is changing for good day by day, nevertheless they are constantly being ignored from many basic facilities which are essential for their day to day living.…

    • 5838 Words
    • 24 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Women Empowerment

    • 7099 Words
    • 29 Pages

    Imran Sharif Chaudhry Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan E-mail: imranchaudhry@bzu.edu.pk Farhana Nosheen PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan E-mail: farhananosheen@hotmail.com Abstract Women empowerment is one of the momentous issues of contemporary development policies in developing countries. Since empowerment is considered a multidimensional concept, it is determined by many socio-economic factors and cultural norms. In this paper, an attempt is made to explore the possible determinants of women empowerment using regression analysis based on primary data from a district of Southern Punjab. Considering its multidimensional nature and aspects, a cumulative index for women empowerment is constructed using four indices i.e. personal autonomy, family decision making, domestic economic decisions and political autonomy. An empirical analysis shows some new and diverse results for three different areas namely urban, rural and tribal areas. The results show that women empowerment is considerably influenced by education, access to media, socio-cultural norms of the community, job of women and household participation rate. In this study, apart from the conventional variables, a variable about the knowledge of an Islamic Concept of Women Empowerment is also considered which shows significant positive impact on Women Empowerment index. Finally, it is concluded that women empowerment can be improved by concentrating on the significant factors in remote regions and consequently poverty levels will also be reduced across the areas. Keywords: Empowerment; Socio-economic Autonomy; OLS regression; Rural, Urban and Tribal Areas; Pakistan JEL Classifications Codes: J16; A14; C21; O18; N35…

    • 7099 Words
    • 29 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    “To awaken the people, it is the women who must be awakened. Once she is on the move,…

    • 1148 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    women empowerment for

    • 648 Words
    • 2 Pages

    India, which is a conglomerate of diverse ethnic, linguistic and geographical features, today is at the cusp of a paradigm change in its growth and its position in the world. However, India is even known for its sobriquet 'male-chauvinistic nation'. Indian myths describe our country as ‘Mother India’ who is a woman that serves as the mother of every Indian. Famous American novelist of 19th century, Louisa May Alcott correctly opines- "When women are the advisor, the Lords of creation don't take the advice till they have persuaded themselves that it is just what they intended to do; then they act upon it and if it succeeds, they give the weaker vessel half the credit of it; if fails, they generously give herself the whole".…

    • 648 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Women Empowerment

    • 2453 Words
    • 10 Pages

    Considering sacrifices, sufferings & contribution of women for the welfare of the family, in the early times of human history, the families were Matriarchal (mother as head of the family).Although woman was not weaker than man, during menstruation, pregnancy & child birth she had to depend upon man., who subsequently enslaved her and society took the form of “Patriarchal” (Father as Ruler & Head of family). Still woman continued to enjoy authority & respect in the family. This continued in the Vedic Period, and women continued enjoying equal rights as men with liberty to choose their husbands in open “Sayambars” The respect enjoyed by woman of that time could be gauged from the verse” Yater Nariasye Pujante, Ramte Tater Devita (God reside at places where women are worshiped)” No religious ceremony by man was complete without participation of his wife and Rama had to get statue of Sita made to carry on with ceremonies for Ashawmegh Yagna. But process of down grading & enslaving woman had set in. Rishi ( Hermit )Gotama’s wife Ahalya’s chastity was out raged by “Moon,Indra and August Rishi” by deceit. Gotama instead of getting punishing or at least protesting the action against wrong doers, he cursed his wife by get her converted to a stone for long time. This shows that even enlightened persons showed little concerns for the females.…

    • 2453 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Empowerment of Women

    • 703 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Most men view themselves as being the superior life-form in society. They justify this belief by saying that they are stronger and more capable; thus, making them more qualify for the more important roles in society. They place themselves on pedestals and force women to believe in their own inferiority to men and their incapability to excel educationally, politically, economically, and domestically. But the truth is that women will eventually advance in all these areas and come to realize that they do not need men to survive.…

    • 703 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays