Working Memory

Working memory
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Working memory is the ability to actively hold information in the mind needed to do complex tasks such as reasoning, comprehension and learning. Working memory tasks are those that require the goal-oriented active monitoring or manipulation of information or behaviors in the face of interfering processes and distractions. The cognitive processes involved include the executive and attention control of short-term memory which provide for the interim integration, processing, disposal, and retrieval of information. Working memory is a theoretical concept central both to cognitive psychology and neuroscience.
Theories exist both regarding the theoretical structure of working memory and the role of specific parts of the brain involved in working memory. Research identifies the frontal cortex, parietal cortex, anterior cingulate, and parts of the basal ganglia as crucial. The neural basis of working memory has been derived from lesion experiments in animals and functional imaging upon humans.
Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Theories
2.1 Baddeley and Hitch
2.2 Cowan
2.3 Ericsson and Kintsch
3 Capacity
3.1 Measures and correlates
3.2 Experimental studies of working memory capacity
3.2.1 Different approaches
3.2.2 Time-based resource sharing model
3.2.3 Limitations
4 Development
4.1 Childhood
4.2 Aging
5 Training
6 Working memory in the brain
6.1 Genetics
6.2 Physiology and Psychopharmacology
6.3 Localization
6.4 Effects of stress
7 Neural maintenance
8 Learning
9 Attention
10 Research
11 See also
12 References
13 External links
[edit]History

The term "working memory" was coined by Miller, Galanter, and Pribram,[1][2] and was used in the 1960s in the context of theories that likened the mind to a computer. Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)[3] also used this term, "working memory" (p. 92) to describe their "short-term store." What we now call working memory was referred to as a "short-term store"

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