World History Notes for Ch 13

CH. 13 Notes Nomadism in C Asia nomadism is a way of life forced by a scarcity of resources Nomadic groups have the lowest pop. Desnsity In time of droughts conflicts increase Result extermination alliances frequent out migration Everyone was full time herdsman hunter and warrior Mongol superb riders Can shoot while galloping Leader = khan Khan’s decision ratified by a council Completion for resources reinforced slavery and tribute in C. Asia Some become slaves so they don’t go through starvation Children were pawns for diplomacy Arranged marriage at age of 8 Nomads aided in spread of religion Idea of universal rule important to mongols Nomads strove for economic self efficiency Iron important to nomads Traded with agricultural societies for necessities Mongol conquest Genghis became Great Khan by 1206 Genghis died in 1227 by alcoholism His son continues his campaigns seeking domination of China 1236 genghis’s grandson Batu took over all towns of Russia along the Volga River Eu survived because great khan ogodei died Mongols beat lots of stong enemies because of their bows Mamluk’s forces matched the mongol’s forces Mongol’s success was the use of Genghis’s principle of adaptabilities Mongols gave 3 options Be slaughtered Be slaughtered later Or give in and be under their control Overland trade & Eu used silk in many ways like décor and clothes Plague mongol elites were only people who wore silk EU free from bubonic plague since 700 Plague transferred from rats fleas etc Mongol rivalry some mongols were believers of islam before the raid in Mid. East Mongols under Hulegu command were slow to become exposed to muslim religion Muslim and mongols had a hatred between them because of the execution of the Last Abbasid caliph Shamanic method of the mongols forbade the spilling of blood Islamic code of cleanliness required the draining of blood 1260s batu declared he was a muslim Ghazan declared himself muslim in 1295 Ghazan convinced by his adviser Rashid al-Din Il-Khan declared themselves protector and advocates of islam Islam & the state tax farming is when gov collects company taxes in private Mainly merchants were tax farmed Long term results of TF drove landowners into debt Price of grain rose Tax base shrank Paper money killed econ Depression lasted into 1349 Jagadi Khanate rose to power after Golden Hordes fell Jagadai Khanate ruled by Timur Timurids descendants of timur Timur last great c. Asian conqueror Art & science in juvaini created a narrative about Genghis Khan Islamic Eurasia Rashid al din was in constant touch with C. asia and China’s mongols Sent letters if he cant reach them Rashid convinced Ghazan to convert into islam Ibn Khaldun greatest historian and geographer of that age Ibn was Moroccan Timur saw himself as the world conqueror Juvaini accompanied hulegu in 1256 Nasir al din tusi was a multitalented sh’ite believer Became one of hulegu’s most trusted adviser Nasir was interested in history poetry ethics and religion His contribution was math and cosmology Planets move around the sun 700s mid eastern scholars had adapted the indian numerical sus Europeans still used roman numerals Pi = 3.14 Russia & rule from 1st conflict between Kievan Russia and mongols occurred in 1223 Mongols defeated Russian + kipchak Mongols are really successful at winter campaigns Springtime mud stops their cavalry 1240 central town of kiev fell Primary concern in Russia wealth extraction Alexander nevskii prince of Novgorod He said join mongols didn’t resist them 1300 moscow becomes center of Russia Crimea stayed a breeding ground for bubonic plague Tsar title for the Russian rulers Social change & EU divided between pope and holy roman emperor Centralization rumors said mongols had part dog body In EU & Anatolia said to be from Hell Mamluks are slaves that are in the armed forces in Egypt 5? 1 state the short and long term results of tax farming. The short term result is the feeling of making profit although in long term usually ends in the company going into debt 2 recall who convinced Il-Khan to convert into islam His adviser Rashid al din convinced Il-Khan to convert into islam 3 determine which season was the worst for mongols in warfare The springtime was the worst because the cavalry would be stopped in the mud 4 conclude why there were still nomads There were still nomads because of the scarcity of resources forced them to migrate often 5 restate why alexander nevskii gave into the mongols He knew it was futile to resist them so he supported them to be on the safe side