World History Reviewer

WORLD HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY Early Humans Australopithecines1st to grow the opposable thumb Homo Habilis“Man of Skill”, Traits, 2.5-1.5 million BC, Brain size = 700 cubic cm Achievements Made tools from lava rock,Use tools to cut meat and crack bones, Homo Erectus, “Upright Man” Traits,1.6 - 30,000 million BC, More intelligent and adaptable, Brain size 1,000 Cubic cm Achievements Used intelligence to develop technology Neanderthal Traits, 200,000 – 30,000 BC, Brain size 1,450 cubic cm Powerfully built, Heavy slanted eyebrow, First to have ritual burials, Tried to control and explain the world CroMagnons Traits, Identical skeleton to modern humans Studied animals’ habits, Planned their hunts, Advanced skill in spoken language, Created art HomoSapiens (modern humans) appeared in Africa 100,000 to 400,000 years ago. Then migrated to ,Europe,Asia, Australia, The Americas Early human societies met their needs by hunting animals and gathering other foods like edible plants. These hunters and gatherers were also known as nomads Nomads: People who depend on wild plants and animals to survive. They followed where the food supply went and gathered seeds and nuts.

ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- “THE LAND BETWEEN TWO RIVERS” ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- DEFINITIONS CITY STATES- self-governing unit made up of a city and its surrounding villages and farmland. LOCATED BETWEEN THE TIGRIS-EUPHRATES RIVERS, BOTH RIVERS FLOW INTO THE PERSIAN GULF LOCATED IN PRESENT DAY IRAQ Fertile Crescent ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- GEOGRAPHY POSITIVE abundant amount of clay, easy till-able soil, water supply from Tigris-Euphrates Rivers NEGATIVE few natural resources, minimal protection from deserts and mountains City-States SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION, BELIEVED TO BE SETTLED . 3000 B.C. DIVIDED INTO CITY-STATES HELPED TO DEVELOP THE FIRST FORM OF ORGANIZED RELIGION CREATED ONE OF THE EARLIEST FORM OF WRITING ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN CITY-STATES ALWAYS IN CONSTANT CONFLICT OVER WATER RIGHTS AND LAND CREATED WALLS FOR