Writing, Reporting, and Producing in a Converging Media World
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BROADCAST NEWS HANDBOOK
WRITING, REPORTING, AND PRODUCING IN A CONVERGING MEDIA WORLD S e c o n d E d i t i o n
C. A. Tuggle
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Forrest Carr
WFLA-TV
Suzanne Huffman
Texas Christian University
Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, WI New York San Francisco St. Louis Bangkok Bogotá Caracas Kuala Lumpur Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi Santiago Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto
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BROADCAST NEWS HANDBOOK: WRITING, REPORTING, AND PRODUCING IN A CONVERGING MEDIA WORLD Published by McGraw-Hill, a business of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. Copyright © 2004, 2001, by The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 0-07-285351-4 Publisher: Phillip A. Butcher Developmental editor: Laura Lynch Editorial assistant: Christine Fowler Senior marketing manager: Sally Constable Lead media producer: Erin Marean/Jessica Bodie Project manager: Jean R. Starr Production supervisor: Carol A. Bielski Designer: Sharon C. Spurlock Supplemental associate: Kathleen Boylan Permissions: Marty Granahan Cover design: Amy Evans McClure Typeface: 10/12 Palatino Compositor: Lachina Publishing Services Printer: R. R. Donnelley and Sons Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tuggle, C. A. Broadcast news handbook : writing,
BROADCAST NEWS HANDBOOK
WRITING, REPORTING, AND PRODUCING IN A CONVERGING MEDIA WORLD S e c o n d E d i t i o n
C. A. Tuggle
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Forrest Carr
WFLA-TV
Suzanne Huffman
Texas Christian University
Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, WI New York San Francisco St. Louis Bangkok Bogotá Caracas Kuala Lumpur Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi Santiago Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto
tug53514_fm.qxd 5/6/03 5:01 PM Page ii
BROADCAST NEWS HANDBOOK: WRITING, REPORTING, AND PRODUCING IN A CONVERGING MEDIA WORLD Published by McGraw-Hill, a business of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. Copyright © 2004, 2001, by The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 0-07-285351-4 Publisher: Phillip A. Butcher Developmental editor: Laura Lynch Editorial assistant: Christine Fowler Senior marketing manager: Sally Constable Lead media producer: Erin Marean/Jessica Bodie Project manager: Jean R. Starr Production supervisor: Carol A. Bielski Designer: Sharon C. Spurlock Supplemental associate: Kathleen Boylan Permissions: Marty Granahan Cover design: Amy Evans McClure Typeface: 10/12 Palatino Compositor: Lachina Publishing Services Printer: R. R. Donnelley and Sons Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tuggle, C. A. Broadcast news handbook : writing,