The overall goal of experiment four was to determine the identity of unknown cations presented to the student. But in order to know the identity of these unknowns, in part 1, Ag+, Pb+, and Hg22+ were presented to the student in aqueous solutions and then precipitated through experimentation. In part 2, the same procedure was enacted to determine which substances precipitated through qualitative analysis. Solubility rules were also a major theme as solubility is important in determining whether a reaction will produce a precipitate.…
|Light Condition |Final pH |Water Movement (GROUP |Water Movement (CLASS |Photosynthesis Rate |Photosynthesis Rate |…
apply an analytical technique to estimate the relative length of each stage of the cell cycle.…
The laboratory exam will be given on Tuesday December 4th (sections 0375 and 3252) or…
The purpose of the lab is to discover what happens when someone executes a series of procedures, beginning with copper metal.…
Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates sufficient for life. Like all catalysts, enzymes work by lowering the activation energy for a reaction, thus dramatically increasing the rate of the reaction. As a result, products are formed faster and reactions reach their equilibrium state more rapidly. Most enzyme reaction rates are millions of times faster than those of comparable un-catalyzed reactions. As with all catalysts, enzymes are not consumed by the reactions they catalyze, nor do they alter the equilibrium of these reactions. However, enzymes do differ from most other catalysts in that they are highly specific for their substrates. Enzymes are known to catalyze about 4,000 biochemical reactions.…
1. The Respiratory exchange ratio is the ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide produced and oxygen consumed. The ratio indicates the energy that the subject is expending for indirect calorimetry, how efficient the subject 's body is at utilizing the oxygen inhaled, as well as the main substrate being used for energy during varying intensities of exercise. During rest the volume of carbon dioxide was 0.73L/min, the volume of oxygen was 0.84L/min. The RQ or RER was 0.87. Based on Table 5.1(Kenney,Wilmore, &Costill, 2012; Physiology of Sport and Exercise(5th ed.) The ratio indicates that roughly 68% of the kcal that the subject was using came from carbohydrates and the remaining 32% of the kcal came from fat. During the 50W stage the volume of carbon dioxide was 2.2L/min and the volume of oxygen was 2.9L/min. The RQ was 0.79, which indicates that the 33% of the kcal that the subject was using came from carbohydrates and that 67% of the kcal came from fat. In the 100W stage the volume of carbon dioxide was 4.08L/min and the volume of oxygen consumed was 4.1L/min. The RQ came out o be 0.99, the substrate being used was only carbohydrates at this point. The 200w stage had a carbon dioxide volume of 7.91L/min and a oxygen consumed volume of 6.51L/min. The RQ was 1.2 which indicates that the body is producing more carbon dioxide than the oxygen being consumed. The substrate being used for energy again is only carbohydrates.…
This experiment is based on copper, to synthesize some copper compound using Copper (II) nitrate solution to obtain copper metal at the end. Changes of copper complexes when various are added and filtering out the precipitate by using Buchner funnel for vacuum filtration .The experiment started with preparation of copper (II) hydroxide and addition of copper oxide then addition of droplets of chloride complex. Then the addition of ammonium complex and the preparation of copper metal. And the vacuum filtration takes place.…
3 Watch each part of the experimental demonstration and make preditions about wht will happen in each scenario . Record your preditions and observations in the Data an Observations section of your labatory report format.…
For the group of students who rested first, the average clothespin squeezes per minute (cps/min) were 142, 172, and 190.42. Combined the overall average for this group was 168.14 cps/min.…
Lichens are a sybiotic association of fungus (mycobiont) and algae (Pediastrum boryanum . The fungus engulfs the algae, then supplies carbs, nitrogen, and vitamins while the algae photosynthesizes. This unusual relationship enables the lichen to grow in environments where neither fungus nor algae would normally be able to solely survive. They are found on every continent, ranging all the way from the freezing Arctic to the sweltering grasslands of Africa. Even though they can live in such extreme conditions, they do require clean air. This is why they are excellent environmental indicator. An indicator species is an organism whose presence or absence reflects the overall health of an environment. Lichens flourish where there is good air quality; however, they cannot survive where the air is polluted and toxins loom. This is because they have no stomata, or pores, to shut to keep the toxins out; therefore, absorbing all of the pollutants in the air. Because they are such unique organisms, they accumulate different metal anions in the air than other organisms, like plants do, for example. Lichens attract toxic metal ions. An ion is a charged atom. If the ion has a positive charge, it is a cation. An ion with a negative charge is an anion. During the ion exchange process, Hydrogen, an anion, is released and metal cations move in. This process occurs when lichens are exposed to polluted air. When the lichens are dropped into any of the metal solutions, their cell wall releases the methylene blue ions, which are replaced by metal cations. Upon their detachment, the ions integrate into the solution, which in turn, colors it blue. The darker the solution, the more metal cations taken in by the lichen. Valence is a measure of how much an atom wants to combine with something else. If the valence of a metal ion affects lichen uptake, then the higher the cation, the…
In the article “How Boys Become Men”, written by John Katz, he analyzes situations he experienced while growing up. Katz believes that boys become men by not showing fear or feelings and not ratting on others. As in the novel, The Other Wes Moore, both Weses are forced to become men at an early age. They experience events that push them to make decisions that make them grow and think like men do. Katz details the maturation process for boys, as the book, The Other Wes Moore, does with both Weses. They make decisions and take actions to mature and become a men.…
2. Explain how to focus a microscope using the high power lens. Include any safety issues you need to be aware of.…
Hypotheses: if the enzyme concentration is increased then the rate of reaction will increase. If the enzyme concentration is decreased then the rate of reaction will decrease.…
Yeast are eukaryotic species and make up approximately one percent of species in the kingdom Fungi. One of the most well studied yeast species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as bakers yeast, and also used in the fermentation of alcohols, is a model species for the study of eukaryotic cells. They are known to reproduce either sexually, by mitosis, or asexually, by budding, depending on environmental conditions. Yeast grow and reproduce by producing enzymes to catabolise polysaccharides. Upon maturation the parent cell passes its genetic information to the bud which then becomes a genetic copy of the original cell and adds to the population. A growth curve demonstrates the four stages of population growth for a yeast cell as follows:…