Zula (2011) Model Of Instrument Validity And Reliability
Methodology
The outline of this exploration depended on scale development standards and follows exploratory item investigation and essential segments investigation strategies. The design of this study is based on Zula (2011) model of initial tool construction and validation using subject panel expert and item analysis method.
Process of tool development
A content specialist panel (CSP) strategy was utilized to produce the items and item wording, and to build up content validity. Utilization of content specialist panel to create items and build up content validity for scale improvement has been well recorded in the literature (Hinkin, 2005; McLean et al., 2005; Yang, 2005). Review of literature built up the five measurements of the scale …show more content…
After adapting the research instrument the researcher requested the supervisors to comment on the relevance of the given items to the content. The judgments of the supervisors were used to improve the instrument and to validate the measure. For instruments reliability, the reliability analysis was ensured through SPSS V20 Cronbach alpha was estimated.
To determine appropriate question content, response time, and statistical analysis, a pilot study (n= 10) was conducted with participants outside the original study but having the same characteristics of the study sample (Farmer & Rojewski, 2001). In addition to the items developed by the CSP, the questionnaire contained a section concerning demographic information from participant institutions. This pilot study included a convenience sample that was based on availability. There were ten respondents to the pilot test, which represented a 20 percent response rate over a period of twenty-one days. There was no follow-up with non- respondents because the initial solicitation resulted in an adequate response rate. A Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was computed to determine the internal consistency (reliability) of the instrument. The coefficient for the ninety-six items in the pilot study was 0.89. This is considerably above the recommended …show more content…
The random sample for the study was generated from educational leaders’ information from different public and private sector universities data bases. The sample was selected through stratification of the educational leaders working in the public and private sector higher education institutions geographically located in the city of Karachi. The sample was selected randomly. The participants selected in sample were sent the link of the tool for their responses and most of them were personally visited by the researcher. A total of 100 study participants were contacted in round two and 47 responded
The outline of this exploration depended on scale development standards and follows exploratory item investigation and essential segments investigation strategies. The design of this study is based on Zula (2011) model of initial tool construction and validation using subject panel expert and item analysis method.
Process of tool development
A content specialist panel (CSP) strategy was utilized to produce the items and item wording, and to build up content validity. Utilization of content specialist panel to create items and build up content validity for scale improvement has been well recorded in the literature (Hinkin, 2005; McLean et al., 2005; Yang, 2005). Review of literature built up the five measurements of the scale …show more content…
After adapting the research instrument the researcher requested the supervisors to comment on the relevance of the given items to the content. The judgments of the supervisors were used to improve the instrument and to validate the measure. For instruments reliability, the reliability analysis was ensured through SPSS V20 Cronbach alpha was estimated.
To determine appropriate question content, response time, and statistical analysis, a pilot study (n= 10) was conducted with participants outside the original study but having the same characteristics of the study sample (Farmer & Rojewski, 2001). In addition to the items developed by the CSP, the questionnaire contained a section concerning demographic information from participant institutions. This pilot study included a convenience sample that was based on availability. There were ten respondents to the pilot test, which represented a 20 percent response rate over a period of twenty-one days. There was no follow-up with non- respondents because the initial solicitation resulted in an adequate response rate. A Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was computed to determine the internal consistency (reliability) of the instrument. The coefficient for the ninety-six items in the pilot study was 0.89. This is considerably above the recommended …show more content…
The random sample for the study was generated from educational leaders’ information from different public and private sector universities data bases. The sample was selected through stratification of the educational leaders working in the public and private sector higher education institutions geographically located in the city of Karachi. The sample was selected randomly. The participants selected in sample were sent the link of the tool for their responses and most of them were personally visited by the researcher. A total of 100 study participants were contacted in round two and 47 responded