Preview

A Comparison of Marxist and Functionalist Views on Society

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
452 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
A Comparison of Marxist and Functionalist Views on Society
A Comparison of Marxist and Functionalist Views on Society

There is a division between functionalists and Marxists over the functions of the society.

Marxism was founded by Karl Marx. Marx saw society as divided into two major parts, the economic base otherwise known as the infrastructure and the super-structure. Functionalists see society as a set of parts which work together to form a whole. Functionalism is also called a consensus theory.

Marxism and functionalism are similar in that they see that the way society is structured as an important part in determining the way people have relationships and behave between themselves. This is known as structural perspective. Both functionalists and Marxists believe that people are portrayed as creature within the social system.

Functionalists believe that society operates to the benefit of everybody. They stress that societies continue to exist because a lot of the time there is consensus between various aspects of society.
They believe that family, education, govern...

Comparing and contrasting the functionalist perspective with that of the conflict theory
Marxist and functionalism are similar in that they see that the way society is structured as an important part in determining the way people have relationships and behave between themselves. This is known as structural perspective. Both functionalists and Marxists believe that people are portrayed as creature within the social system.
The view of both conflict perspective and functionalist perspective as it refers to the family. The family is universal because it full fills the following essential functions for society Sexual – controls sexuality, provides stability for adults Reproductive – provides new members of society. Economic – family provides for its members. Educational – family socialises the young into societies norms and values. While Parsons (1902-79) says

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    It is useful to consider how the family supports wider society. Functionalism considers this by deciding what functions the family must perform and therefore which type would suit society best.…

    • 632 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    The functionalists think the role of the family is extremely important and that the nuclear family is the best form, they think the nuclear family runs more smoothly as they learn the correct norms and values so our society can live in a consensus. Families also provide primary socialisation, and functionalists believe this should be done in the correct environment. As all families teach their children the same norms and values this can ensure individuals experience solidarity. Also the family helps organic analogy, as the family aids society in supporting other institutions. Functionalists believe that individuals or families that are no in a consensus are in a state if anomie and are given sanctions for this. The family produces the next set of responsible individuals, workers and parents so they need to ensure that these people fit into the existing society appropriately.…

    • 1423 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Functionalism is the sociological perspective that focuses on the institutions, e.g. the legal justice system and the healthcare system, as working in harmony with one another, making specific and clear contributions to the smooth running of society.…

    • 2733 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    The major theoretical perspective are known as Functionalist perspective, Conflict perspective, and Interactionist perspective. These three views are the ones most widely used by sociologists, which altogether will approach and provide an introductory look at the discipline. Some iconic sociologists such as Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx, W.E.B. DuBois and many others are major contributors to sociology. Functionalist perspective emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability. The functionalist perspective sees stability and agreement while the conflict sociologist sees the world as a continual struggle. Conflict perspective assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power or the allocation of resources, including housing, money, access to services, and political representation.…

    • 319 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Marxists take a class conflict approach they see education as serving the needs of capitalism. They therfore don’t agree with the functionalist’s view of consensus and theory of meritocracy. Meritocracy is an educational or social theory believing that everyone has an equal opportunity to do well and to succeed. Meaning that your individual efforts are what make you achieve rewards and status, rather than ascribed by their upbringing, background, ethnicity, class or gender. This means that everyone gets the same education and it’s up to them how well they do at school. Marxists believe that this isn’t true and meritocracy is a myth.…

    • 830 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Functionalists see the family as providing many important values to society. They believe behaviour is constructed by social forces, the government and the individual is made and controlled by society therefore according to this approach every individual is a product of society. Society essentially makes the person, but not solely. Family and other contributing factors heavily shape a personality along with their actions. Also they believe society is like the human body, that if one aspect is removed such as the family, it will not function properly or at all.…

    • 607 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Functionalism sees society as a system, that it is a set of interconnected parts which can work together in unison to form a whole. The early functionalists drew an analogy between society and an organism, i.e, the human body. They said that an understanding of an organ of the body involves understanding its relationship with every other organ and its contribution to the organism as a whole; therefore they said that this could also describe society, that every part requires its own analysis to see what it contributes to the society as whole. Functionalists have also continued this argument to say that just like an organ has simple basic needs to survive, so does society, and that if one part fails it will all diminish. Thus social institutions such as the family and religion are analysed as a part of the social order rather than isolated units. 

Functionalist analysis has focused on the question of how social systems are maintained. With the functionalist concern for investigating on how functional prerequisites (basic needs or necessities of existence) are met. This emphasis has resulted in many institutions being seen as beneficial and useful to society. But this view has led critics to argue that functionalism has a built-in conservative bias which supports the status quo. 

Within society the functionalists outline what they call functional prerequisites, these are what society requires in order to exist. Some functionalists believe that these prerequisites are institutions such as family or social stratification. They are easily identified in every type of society even though they can vary, like the caste system in India varies a great deal from our own stratification system but affects the whole society and makes it functional which fits their definition of a prerequisite. This view is held by sociologists such as Davies and Moore (1967) and Murdock (1949). However…

    • 2803 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    1. Structural-Functional Paradigm-Functionalist paradigm describes the elements in society that create social stability for the greatest number of people. This paradigm, like the Conflict paradigm, is very interested in the structure of society and how it impacts people 's lives. However, Functionalism sees the social structure as creating equilibrium or balance. It also describes the various elements of society that maintain that balance. The core question:…

    • 422 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Outline and evaluate Functionalist views of the role of the family in society. (33 marks)…

    • 1022 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Outline and evaluate functionalist views of the role of the family in society. (33 Marks)…

    • 690 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    unit 7 p1

    • 1140 Words
    • 4 Pages

    In 1951, Talcott Parsons introduced the Functionalist view which studies the social structure as a whole of how it functions and how each social structure is important in the interests of society. Functionalism believes that humans and the society have some basic needs, institutions and governments may be responsible to meet the required needs also the functionalist may consider that they are different kinds of sources that may limit the individual’s behaviour within the chosen society, meaning that the society will behave appropriately based on someone's behaviour while having the same values, on the other hand the functionalist view does recognise that there may be errors or inequalities within the society but bearing in mind this can be functional for the society.…

    • 1140 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Marriage/Chana Miller

    • 884 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The functionalist perspective focuses on stability and cooperation and emphasizes the importance of the family in maintaining the stability of society. The functionalist theory states that marriage is a microcosmic replica of the larger society, and the family fills six basic needs for the survival of society. Family life is organized in ways that are useful or functional for society. Despite being antiquated, the breadwinner-homemaker family is an efficient way to organize family life. The husband works outside the home while the wife does the housework and child care. The functionalist perspective is a male-dominant perspective (Strong et. al. 2011).…

    • 884 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Marxism shares in common with functionalism the macro structural approach to society, looking at it as a whole, however a key difference between the two theories is that marxism is a conflict perspective, that is the conflict of class between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat also known as the ruling and working classes. The work of Karl Marx in the mid 1800s constitutes the main body of this conflict theory, he wrote that the central institution of capitalist society is private property, the system by which capital (money, machines, factories and other material objects) is controlled by a small minority of the population, leading to opposed classes i.e. the bourgeoisie and the proletariat (Cohen 1978). Marxists believe that society is based on ascribed status which is given by birth or family background, therefore the bourgeoisie pass down their land and properties to their children, keeping the wealth in the…

    • 2075 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Rank,Mark , Lecroy,Craig. “Toward a Multiple Perspective in Family Theory and Practice: The Case of Social Exchange Theory, Symbolic Interactionism, and Conflict Theory.” National Council on Family Relations. 21.2: (1983) 441-448. Web. 16. Nov.2011 .…

    • 1073 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Marxism Vs Functionalism

    • 1350 Words
    • 6 Pages

    This essay will be mainly focused on the similarities and the differences in two sociological perspectives which are the Marxist and the Functionalist approach when it comes to health and illness, also will define the definition of them.…

    • 1350 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays