A Dolls House Study Guide Questions 2008 1

A Doll’s House
Study Guide Questions
ACT I
1.
The fact that Nora pays the porter twice shows Nora’s wasteful habit, foreshadowing that this might lead to problems in the future.
2.
It also shows that Nora is obedient to Helmer in front of him,but it also shows another side
Nora’s character as she continues to get what she wants behind his back. 3. Helmer’s pet names for Nora were: little lark, little squirrel, little spendthrift, and little featherhead. these names show Nora as little in the eyes of Helmer giving her qualities of animal. 4. Helmer shows to be a person who prefers to save money and avoid from spending his money recklessly, He also believes in a life of no debt and no borrowing. Nora believes that money is for spending. Such a nature that she has inherited from her father. She also thinks that she is allowed to spend more money now that Helmer is getting a job promotion, and getting a bigger salary sum.
5.
How does this set up a framework for future action? This starts to make this the plot. We already know that Nora likes to spend money too much, and can’t save anything.Helmer is a man that doesnt like to borrow money, This is what i think is going to be the problem and whats going to be the problem in the play. 6. What does Nora’s flirtatious behavior suggest about her relationship with Helmer? Nora and Helmer have a stable relationship, and they also sometimes have a serious and true relationship.Helmer also cares and criticizes her habit of spending money too much. 7. What literary element is used when Helmer refers to Nora’s father, and what does Helmer say about the father? Helmer uses a simile to compare Nora’s money spending problem habits to her dad. He consider Nora to be “an odd little soul” who always finds some new way of getting money out of him. Helmer also says that once she has money it “seems to melt in her hands” similar to her father.
8. What does the reader learn when Helmer raises the subject of sweets, saying, “Hasn’t Miss
Sweet­Tooth been breaking rules in town today”? Helmer has actually prohibited Nora from eating sweetmeats, as he believes that it will ruin her teeth. Furthermore, she lies to him as she denies having to have taken a bite or two on a macaroon.
9. When the family was short of money, what did Nora do so they could all celebrate
Christmas? What does this symbolize, and what does it suggest about her character? Nora sat in a room for a full three weeks beforehand, evening until long after midnight so that she could make ornaments for their Christmas tree. Nora’s doesn’t want the family to lose out on anything due to money problems, and will do anything to everyone can have a good time.
10. What does the reader infer about the Helmer family’s choice to have servants even when they are in tight economic circumstances?

Given their circumstances, the fact that the Helmer family still chooses to have servants can mean wealth, class and luxary, and could also say the helmer family likes to live a comfortable life. 11. When the doorbell rings, why does Helmer say, “If it is a caller, remember that I am not at home”? he believes most of his visitors arrive for requests about their financial disposition and especially since he has recently been appointed at a high post in the bank,
12. How is Nora’s self­centeredness illustrated in her initial conversation with Mrs. Linde? she shares the perfect stories in order to maintain reputation and class in society.
13. More exposition occurs when Nora discusses Helmer’s early career with Mrs. Linde. What does the reader learn about Helmer’s career? He used to be a barrister but will start to work at a bank in the New Year. Did not get much work as uncertain thing but he will start to receive more money as he assumes the job at the bank 14. What behavioral problem does Mrs. Linde chide Nora about? Mrs. Linde chides Nora for her money spending problems. 15. What does Nora reveal about how she and Helmer have managed financially? How did they raise the money needed to go to Italy for his health? What is significant about her comments? Nora says that both of them worked. Helmer was a lawyer, however since he didn’t earn enough money at his office, so he chose to leave, when Nora and he got married. Helmer overworked himself in order to provide for the family and fell critically ill. Nora says she got money from her dad before he died to travel to italy. 16. What does Mrs. Linde admit about her marriage? She admits that she married her ex­husband for the money and there was no love in their relationship. 17. Why has Mrs. Linde come to Nora’s house? Mrs.Linde went to Nora’s house in search of help from her husband in either finding a job.
18. Mrs. Linde says to Nora, “. . . you know so little of the burdens and troubles of life.” What literary devices are used here? Mrs.Linde uses exaggeration to make her point about Nora’s experience of the true world and reality. 19. What is Mrs. Linde’s initial reaction as Nora begins to reveal the source of the 250 pounds?
What does this conversation reveal about the status of women? Mrs. Linde is baffled when Nora starts to reveal the source of the 250 pounds and begins to wonder where she got it from if it wasn’t from her father. Mrs.Linde states that “a wife cannot borrow without her husband’s consent, which says that women hold a lower status in society than their husband or any man

20. Nora gives Mrs. Linde a summary of the source of the funds. In terms of the “well­made play,” why is this important? This is relative as a “well­made play” usually contains a strong and climatic buildup based on the suspense between characters through secrets and misunderstanding. when Nora reveals the truth of the money to Mrs.Linde. It triggers the climatic and turning point events.
21. How has Nora managed her own finances to address her debts? Nora has saved a bit up, she has also saved up by buying the simplest and cheapest stuff and saving the rest to pay her interests and installment payment.

22. Why has Nora’s work copying documents been so important? Copying documents has been very important for Nora, as she follows this job as her way for income and money last Christmas in order to pay off debts,
23. What dangers exist in Nora’s employment? there are several tasks to perform in her employment so she loses track of the money she has paid back,the remainder she owes continues to increase due to quarterly interests.

24. At this point in the play, where is the power allocated among Helmer, Nora, and Mrs. Linde? At this moment in time, most of the power is allocated between Helmer and Mrs. Linde in comparison to Nora. Helmer, because he is unaware of a Nora’s secret, which could destroy their family simply because of Helmer’s high moral values, hence why Nora has kept the borrowing of the money a secret in fear of the consequences. Mrs. Linde also has a fair share of power as she is let in on Nora’s secret and can use this to harm the Helmer family or blackmail Nora into getting her a job at Torvald’s bank. After borrowing without her husband’s consent, lying to her husband and getting a job to pay off the previous debts,
Nora seems to be quite powerless and subdued by the fear of Helmer and his reaction to her past actions which she is afraid might have dire consequences. 25. Who is Krogstad? Krogstad is a lawyer who suffers from great disrepute due to his past. He is closely related to the Helmer family as Nora had previously borrowed money from him in order to pay for her husband’s treatments and the family’s trip to the south. He is currently working at a very low post at the bank, which Torvald is due to join and feels threatened due to the arrival of
Mrs. Linde. He blackmails about revealing her secrets if she refuses to help him retain his position at the bank. For a first interaction with the audience, Krogstad appears to be of a very menacing and sinister character, which could possibly be a threat to the Helmer family.

26. What else could Krogstad possibly come to the Helmer home to discuss? Krogstad keeping in mind that he is aware of Nora’s dark secret, could have come to the
Helmer home to discuss a raise or a promotion at the bank, which if he doesn’t attain with
Torvald’s help, he will force Nora to manipulate her husband. He says he has come to discuss “bank business” but he could use Torvald to help gain back his reputation in society. 27. What does the reader learn when Nora and Mrs. Linde discuss Krogstad? The reader learns that Krogstad was once a “solicitor’s clerk” in Mrs. Linde’s town, through which she has heard of him. We also learn that Krogstad had a very unhappy marriage and is now a widower and single parent. A sense of vagueness is noted when Mrs. Linde say
“he carries on various kinds of business,” but doesn’t give detail about this. This implies that he leads a private and a possibly immoral life and indulges in fraudulent business. 28. What is revealed in the conversation between Dr. Rank and Mrs. Linde? It is revealed that in society in the earlier days, women were expected to be young and lively and not work. Dr. Rank taunts Mrs. Linde of having “some slight internal weakness” when she states she “can’t manage stairs well.” Furthermore he shows disbelief when she explains she hasn’t come to town to “amuse” herself with “entertainments,” but in fact “to look for work.”

29. What can the reader infer from Nora’s question as to whether “all the people who are employed in the Bank” are now “dependent on Torvald”? The nature of Nora’s question shows that she likes when Torvald has power and has people depend on him. Her overjoyed reaction to the Doctor’s answer shows that she wants this to be the case as Torvald had previously said that living with debt means you are dependent on someone and your life is not your own, and with having people dependent on Torvald, it shows that he is in power. This could also introduce her situation with the person she previously borrowed money from to take the trip to the south. This also introduces the theme of power as it is constantly iterated that power is greatly appreciated in their society, and Nora believes that this could be a good thing for her family after their tribulations.

30. What is important about Nora’s offer of macaroons to Dr. Rank? Nora’s offer of macaroons to Dr. Rank show that she either shares a good relationship with him that she is allowing her secret of purchasing macaroons to be revealed. Or secondly, she is in a mood to celebrate news and hence does so. She provides Dr. Rank with something sweet to distract him, even though she knows that she is behaving irresponsibly and sharing forbidden sweetmeats with Dr. Rank.

31. How does Nora manage the conversation when she asks her husband to give Mrs. Linde a job? Nora approaches the subject very carefully and emphasizes the fact that Mrs. Linde “has taken a long journey in order to see” Torvald. After this she uses persuasive language and praises Helmer in order manipulate and convince him into giving Mrs. Linde a job. She praises both of them by saying, “Christine is tremendously clever at book­keeping” as well emphasizing the fact that she is “anxious to work under some clever man.” These techniques helped to convince Torvald into considering helping Mrs. Linde.

32. Why is Nora’s management of the conversation significant? Nora’s management of this conversation was significant as it depicts her power and influence over Torvald. Through this, the audience sees her ability to manipulate Torvald;

this could also be a foreshadowing of another incident where she may be forced to manipulate Torvald in order to keep her family in accord. This also shows that Torvald loves
Nora a lot, as he allows her to direct his decisions in a society where women are generally considered inferior and disallowed from making decisions or conducting them generally.
This also shows that Nora has been able to maintain Torvald’s trust and balance a healthy relationship. 33. Why does Ibsen insert a scene of Nora romping with her children? The insertion of the scene of Nora romping with her children depicts Nora as young and playful character who cares about her children very much. Her children adore her and this portrays her as a motherly figure that is idolized by her children. This supports the fact that she cares about her family as she has kept the debts a secret and is paying them off individually in order to avoid any further strain to her husband. The placement of this scene also helps to lighten the mood of the play and comes across as a “calm before the storm,” as after this it is revealed to us that Nora is indebted to Krogstad.

34. What is Krogstad’s relationship with Nora? Krogstad is Nora’s moneylender and provides her money for the family to travel to Italy in order to provide Torvald with the required treatment to save his life. Nora lied to Krogstad and forged her father’s signature on the official documents, which is later discovered by
Torvald, who uses this secret to better his position at the bank with Nora’s help. He uses this crime to blackmail her into convincing Torvald to help him gain his reputation in society.

35. What is ironic about the following conversation?
Nora
: When anyone is in a subordinate position, Mr. Krogstad, they should really be careful to avoid offending anyone who—who—
Krogstad
: Who has influence? This conversation appears to be very ironic as Nora implies that Krogstad is in the subordinate position when dealing with bank matters with Torvald, hence she demands respect and warns him to be careful not to offend anyone, in this case herself, if he is expecting any changes with his situation at the bank and hoping to receive help from
Torvald. This is contradictory, as it has just been revealed that Krogstad knows that Nora forged her father’s signature on the loan documents, which gives Krogstad the upperhand and the position to blackmail Nora who is seen as the subordinate in that matter. Krogstad can use this to get Nora in trouble and hence, Nora should be really careful not to offend
Krogstad since he has the evidence and influence to destroy her life.

36. What is discordant about Krogstad’s request that Nora influence Helmer in the matter of
Krogstad’s job? 37. Why does Krogstad think he is being fired? Krogstad believes that he will be fired as he saw Mrs. Linde walk with Torvald and thinks that he is going to get her a job at the bank in order to replace Krogstad. Krogstad has a mindset that Torvald has the ability to influence decisions at the bank, considering he will be taking up the post of the bank manager. Furthermore, this fear arises from the thought that

Torvald and him do not share the best working relations; hence his job at the bank is at risk. 38. In another example of exposition, what does Krogstad reveal about himself? Krogstad reveals to Mrs. Helmer that he too on one incident, had committed a fraudulent act which was “nothing more or nothing worse” than what she had done. He also reveals that this indiscretion, what he considers himself guilty of was “one false step, which lost him all his reputation.” Hence, in order to gain back his reputation, he is willing to go extents in order to secure his position at the bank and regain his reputation in society. 39. What does Krogstad mean when he says, “I have the means to compel you”? Krogstad tries to insinuate that due to Nora’s forgery of the signature and the fraud, which she committed when attempting to borrow the money, he has the power to manipulate her and force her to do things that she may disagree to. Furthermore, since Torvald doesn’t know that Nora approached Krogstad to borrow money for their trip, he could tell him causing disrepute to Nora. This example is seen when he tries to get Nora to convince
Torvald to secure his position at the bank, otherwise he threatens to reveal her well­kept secret. Through these means, Krogstad is going to compel Nora into doing things for his benefit, even if she disagrees to, as he currently has vital information that has the power to destroy her family and ruin her life and reputation in the society.

40. What is Nora’s reaction? Nora begins to panic and is afraid that if she doesn’t comply with Krogstad’s wishes, he will reveal her secret to Torvald. She wants to avoid this situation, as she is also afraid of the consequences Torvald will impose when he discovers this secret. Nora responds cleverly and tells Krogstad that if he told Torvald about the loan and Nora’s circumstances, then he would appear to be a “blackguard” and would inevitably lose his “post” at the bank. This would also make Krogstad more “infamous” than he already is and ruin his reputation. 41. What does Krogstad reveal about the bond used to secure the loan? Krogstad reveals that the bond required the signature of both Nora and her father constitutional a surety for the borrowed money, however the signature of Nora’s father was dated three days after his death on the bond. This form of discrepancy gives Krogstad the upperhand in the situation, as it is certain that Nora forged her dad’s signature as he was in a critical condition and she couldn’t tell Torvald about the situation. Krogstad reveals that
Nora committed a fraud on him by forging the signature on the documents.

42. Why did Nora forge her father’s signature? Nora chose to forge her father’s signature as he was extremely ill and in a critical condition.
Furthermore, she would have to post the document to her father, which would take very long and further affect Torvald’s condition. If she were to do so, she would also have to provide a reason for the borrowing of such a large sum of money to her father and explain its usage to him, however she could not do that as “he was so ill himself” that she “couldn’t tell him” that her “husband’s life was in danger.” Hence, to avoid the distressing circumstance of telling Torvald about the loan, she conveniently forged the signature on the document. 43. How does the conversation end? The conversation between Nora and Krogstad ends with him telling her “if I lose my position a second time, you shall lose yours with me.” This threat from Krogstad plays a very great role as he compels Nora to convince Torvald to retain Krogstad’s position at the bank and not fire him otherwise he will reveal Nora’s secret about the borrowed money and forged bonds to her husband, which will destroy her family. We conclude Krogstad to be a very sinister and crafty character that starts to manipulate Nora for his benefit due to his leverage in the situation. 44. Why does Ibsen show Nora telling her children that she cannot play with them? Ibsen adds the scene of Nora telling her children that she cannot play with them in order to show a contrasting side to her previously portrayed character as a playful and childish mother romping around with her children. She is so overcome by Krogstad’s threat and behavior as well as afraid of Helmer discovering her secret that she cannot focus on anything else at the time. 45. What does Helmer scold Nora for when he returns? Helmer scolds Nora for lying to him about Krogstad’s visit. He is also upset that Nora was thinking of convincing him to secure Krogstad’s position at the bank even after all the wrong he has done and disrepute he has gained. He sends out a gentle reminder and warning to her saying that his “little songbird must never do that again” as the “songbird must have a clean beak to chirp with – no false notes!” This is a metaphorical example of what Nora’s character should be, however the audience already knows that Nora has used false notes and doesn’t have a clean conscience as she borrowed money from Krogstad against
Torvald’s wishes and has to say many lies and false statements to cover up. 46. Why does Ibsen include the conversation between Helmer and Nora about the fancy dress ball? Ibsen includes this conversation between Helmer and Nora to reiterate the importance of an earlier seen idea of a good reputation and standing in society. Nora convinces Helmer to go shopping with her and decide what she should wear for the fancy dress ball so she can look presentable and of good taste in front of the society. The couple wants to maintain their front and status in regard to their family and Torvald’s new job amongst their friends and other members of society. 47. What is ironic about Krogstad’s crime? It is ironic that Krogstad committed a similar crime as Nora as he forged someone’s name, however he threatened to reveal Nora and disclose her forgery if she refused to comply with his demands. 48. What does Helmer say about Krogstad’s morals and his current life? Helmer says that many men have been able to retrieve their character if they openly accept the blame for their crime take the punishment, however because Krogstad took the shortcut and played a “cunning trick” to get away with it, he is even more guilty and has to put on a façade in front of everyone near him. Helmer metaphorically attributes Krogstad’s morals and lies to poison that has infected his home and family and not just Krogstad. Hence, the germs of evil have infected his current life and household.

49. What does Helmer say about mothers, and why is this ironic? Helmer says that mothers generally have a negative influence on their children and hence anyone who has turned to doing something bad early in their life has had a deceitful mother.
This is very ironic as Nora tried to save Helmer’s life and put everything on stake just for her husband’s life, and she is the one who cares for the whole family. In this way Helmer, unknowingly and indirectly demeans Nora’s character that has so far done everything to protect her family and husband. In addition to this, it is also ironic as he says “Krogstad” as a father has been “persistently poisoning his own children with lies and dissimulation” as according to Torvald they are generally the more responsible ones. This once again shows how women are always undermined and attributed to negative impacts in society during those times and also foreshadows how Torvald might see Nora after her secret is revealed. 50. Why does Nora reject the return of her children at the end of this act? Nora rejects the return of her children at the end of the act after hearing Torvald’s beliefs as she thinks after committed the fraudulent act, she too will poison her children with lies and dissimulate them. Hence, she wants the maid to keep them with her and out of Nora’s contact so she doesn’t deprave them. 51. What does Nora’s final comment—“It’s not true. It can’t possibly be true.”—say about her state of mind? Nora’s final comment, “It’s not true. It can’t possibly be true,” shows her distress and panic and her belief that she has begun to poison her house and family with her dishonesty and fraudulence. She begins to go into denial about the fact that she forged her father’s signature to borrow money, and begins to refute the fact that she broke a law. We see an inner conflict with Nora’s character here as the audience are aware that she committed the crime for the wellbeing of her family, but after hearing her husband’s opinion, she begins to instantly regret what she had done for him. 52. Looking over Act I, identify the protagonist and antagonist and classify Nora, Helmer,
Krogstad, Mrs. Linde, and Doctor Rank as to whether they are round or flat characters After the development of the plot in Act 1 and the occurrence of several pinnacle events, it is obvious that Nora plays the role of the Protagonist, whereas Krogstad with his sinister attitude and negative aura is the Antagonist. Due to the revelation of Nora’s actual purpose of the loan and the concern for her family in contrast to her previously seen appearance as a wasteful spendthrift, Ibsen gives Nora a very round character with different traits to enhance her role as a protagonist. Similarly, Krogstad too has a very round character as he is initially seen to be a sorrowful man repenting for his past deeds, however his ominous and threatening attitude is seen in his conversation with Nora with regard to the money.
Mrs. Linde is considerably a flat character that has not played a significant role in the development of Act 1 and is seen as the stereotypical grieving widow who is looking for alternatives to start a new life in society. Dr. Rank is also the friendly societal component who shares a close relation with the Helmer family and finally Torvald Helmer himself, in my opinion is a very flat character in Act 1 as he is seen to be the stereotypical perfect husband who believes that his family must be honest and truthful to each other and abide and live by the norms and regulations of society. He has not been fully shaped by Ibsen just yet as he will surely have a drastic change in character and reaction once Nora’s secret is revealed.
Hence, he is simply a flat character for the duration of Act 1. 53. Are lesser characters used to create foils to Nora and Helmer?

There are only two characters used to create foils of Nora and Helmer and this helps to increase the impact and role of these characters in the events of the play. Nora’s character foil Mrs. Lind, appears to be the homely kind who believes in saving money for the better good and also has high morals, whereas seen in contrast to Nora, who is initially portrayed as a spendthrift but later is revealed as a concerned and loving wife to Helmer. Helmer’s character foil, Krogstad is seen to operate with no morals or honesty in comparison to
Helmer, who believes that honesty is the way of life in order to build a family and hold a good position in society. Only these two characters are used as foils to Nora and Helmer. 54. What are the main themes of the play, as established in Act I? The main themes established in Act 1 are Power and reputation in society as we are constantly reminded of how women must act in society and their status in comparison to their husband’s. This is seen with the Nora and Helmer, as according to society (Krogstad and Mrs. Linde,) Nora has betrayed her husband by borrowing money The main themes established in Act 1 are seen to be: o Power and Reputation in society – this is constantly reiterated with Nora’s situation as women are expected to comply with their husband’s wishes in order to maintain a good reputation and image in society. This shows that women were generally powerless in society, however Nora goes behind her husband’s back in order to borrow money and save his life; something which is considered a taboo. Society is also seen to disapprove of dishonesty and fraudulence, as Krogstad suffers from disrepute after one simple mistake that cost him his reputation and power in society. o Family and relationships – this theme is visible as we see Nora trying to hide secrets and her faults in order to protect her family and relationship with her husband from crumbling. She shows great concern and care for the well being of her children and husband and the importance of family is observed through this. Secondly, Mrs. Linde’s sacrifice and contracted marriage to support her mother and brothers also reiterates the importance of family in society and during the setting of the play. o Honesty vs. Deceit – the presence of this theme is visible in the actions of
Nora and morals and beliefs of Torvald Helmer. Nora tries to protect her husband’s life and in the bargain has to end up lying to him constantly and deceitfully hiding the truth about the circumstance. Honesty is depicted through Torvald’s lectures to Nora about how lies are poisonous and infections and dissimulates the facts leading the destruction of one’s family.
This theme will definitely have a vital role in the further development of the play, as readers believe that Nora’s secret will soon be revealed. o Betrayal – this theme is constantly seen as Nora betrays her husband in many facets including borrowing money, communicating with Krogstad and attempting to stabilize his situation at the bank and most importantly – hiding the truth about the forgery and the loan borrowed to save Torvald’s life.

ACT II
1. What is tormenting Nora as Act II opens?

Nora paces about the room with fear of the thought that Krogstad will reveal her secret about the document forgery to Helmer on Christmas Day and ruin the occasion for her and her family. She is extremely vigilant and keeps checking outside the door and in the letterbox to ensure Krogstad doesn’t come or send a letter revealing her secret. However, she is very bipolar and attempts to convince herself that Krogstad would not do such a thing and that her secret would never be revealed, as it is impossible and Krogstad couldn’t really have meant it considering she has three children and a perfect family to take care of.

2. What fears does she reveal as she talks to the nurse? Nora discloses her fear that her children would forget her if she leaves altogether and then begins to ask the Nurse about the how she was able to send her children away when she came to work for Nora’s family. This shows that Nora still believes to some extent that
Krogstad is going to reveal her secret, which will forcefully drive her out of her own home, family and the society. 3. What is significant about Nora’s account of Doctor Rank’s disease? Nora states that Doctor Rank suffers from a “very dangerous disease” due to his father’s lifestyle and it has greatly affected him due to this. She explains that Doctor Rank has
“consumption of the spine” and that he bears great pain each day. This elucidates Nora’s affection and care for Doctor Rank. Furthermore, it is relative to Nora as it insinuates that due to Nora’s certain lifestyles, she could be the reason for her children’s suffering in the future. This technique of naturalism is commonly used in literature during the times of A
Doll’s House where offspring inherit social conditions, environment and character from their parents. This is a significant means of foreshadowing the conclusion of this play. 4. What has Mrs. Linde concluded about the source of the loan? Mrs. Linde assumes and concludes due to Nora and Dr. Rank’s friendly relationship that he is the source of the loan. Mrs. Linde quotes what Nora had misleadingly said earlier about a fictional admirer who had given her the loan, however then later went on to say this was untrue. She believes that due to his daily visits and his gregarious relationship with the family that Dr. Rank is the provider of the money for the family’s trip. Nora has to try very hard in order to convince Mrs. Linde that Dr. Rank is not the lender of the money.

5. What is Nora’s reaction?

Nora is disbelieved that Mrs. Linde thinks of Dr. Rank as her secret admirer and misconstrues that he provided her with the loan behind her husband’s back. She is insolent towards Mrs. Linde’s unexpected interrogation and accusation about the source of the loan. Nora tries not to respond defensively wherein it seems as if she is hiding something and trying to protect a secret, however provides reasonable judgment as to why she would never take money from Dr. Rank given his financial status at the time.

6. When Helmer returns, what does Nora ask him to do? When Helmer returns, Nora pleadingly convinces him to allow Krogstad to retain his post at the bank in order to prevent any slandering of their family reputation in the public newspapers and moreover, the revelation of her secret. Helmer interprets this request as obstinacy to maintain a thoughtless promise that Nora had given Krogstad and refuses to

succumb to this request despite all her offers to “run about and do all her tricks,” “chirp about in every room,” and “play the fairy for him and dance in the moonlight.” Helmer believes that what happened to Nora’s father and the disrepute caused to him in the newspapers will not be the case with Helmer since his reputation is “above suspicion” unlike
Nora’s father. He is going to abide by this and maintain his reputation too “as long as he holds his office.”

7. What reason does Helmer give for saying Krogstad cannot return to the bank? Torvald states that the major reason why Krogstad cannot return to the bank is because the other colleagues and workers are already aware of Torvald’s decisions to “dismiss”
Krogstad and no matter how much Nora attempts to convince him, he doesn’t want it seem as though she “influences” his decisions as this will make him look “ridiculous before his whole staff.” Once again this reinstates the importance of men in society and their disagreement to women’s opinions and requests. The pivotal theme in this play is that of reputation in society, particularly that of women and this is reignited in the conversation between Torvald and Nora. 8. What danger does Nora say Krogstad poses to Helmer? Nora says that Helmer should retain Krogstad’s position at the bank for his own sake as
Krogstad “writes in the most scurrilous newspapers,” giving him the power to do
“unspeakable amounts of harm” to their family’s “reputation” and “slander” their image in society. Hence, in order to take precautionary measures and avoid such incidents from occurring Nora consistently insists that Helmer help him. She further demeans Krogstad saying “you never can tell what mischief these men may contrive,” showing that there is a lot at stake with her family and their happiness causing Nora to “beg” Helmer “so earnestly” to keep Krogstad at the bank.

9. How does Helmer dismiss this notion, and what do we learn about the past? Helmer dismisses this notion by confronting Nora about her fears from the past as such an incident has occurred with her father and then reassures her that her father and him are very different individuals and that Nora’s “father’s reputation as a public official was not above suspicion,” unlike his, due to his honest and diligent endeavors in his career. He also swears to keep it this way as long as he holds office. This shows that Nora’s father may have had discrepancies at work and may not necessarily have been a very honest man.
This reintroduces Helmer’s earlier elucidated belief that dishonest individuals poison their children, hence creates a premise for Nora’s fraudulent actions seeing as her father was infamous for his activities in the bank too.

10. What other reasons does Helmer give for refusing to rehire Krogstad? Secondly, Torvald states that he would overlook Krogstad’s moral incompetence and secure his position, however due to Krogstad’s demeanor and disrespect for him, he feels that working at the bank with Krogstad will be “intolerable” as Krogstad believes its okay to
“adopt a familiar tone” with Helmer which is highly disregarded due to his high post.

11. What errand does Helmer give to Helen, the maid?

Helmer gives Helen, the maid Krogstad’s dismissal letter and requests her to “find a messenger and tell him to deliver it” instantly. This shows that Helmer had been planning
Krogstad’s dismissal carefully and had all the paperwork ready for Krogstad before he commenced his job at the bank in the New Year and makes a hasty and irrational decision to send it to him. Nora’s attempt to subdue his anger and convince him to retain Krogstad’s post all failed miserably as Helmer confronts Nora about his need to maintain his reputation and not falter to any wishy­washy requests by his wife. Helmer’s ego has been hurt by
Nora’s views on his narrow­minded opinion about Krogstad, his personality and his post at the bank.

12. What assurances does Helmer give Nora when she is horrified about the firing? Helmer believes that Nora is anxious due to his action of firing Krogstad after she reacts erratically in order to stop him. Hence, he decides to take it upon himself and says that he is
“man enough to take everything upon” himself. This further frightens Nora because she is worried about him finding about the forgery for the bonds and the consequences that might occur later. Giving this assurance helps Helmer boost his ego after being insulted by Nora, and he promises to protect her no matter what obstacles come across. 13. What news does Doctor Rank reveal about himself? In this scene, Doctor Rank reveals that his “internal economy” is “bankrupt,” metaphorically meaning that his death is “stalking” him and his time is running out due to his spine
“consumption.” He chooses to keep this a secret from Helmer and has put a “bar” on his door to Helmer as he doesn’t believe Helmer can handle the situation due to his “refined nature”. He promises to send Nora a “card with a black cross on it” when he is nearing the end. This shows that Doctor Rank has a fairly intimate relationship with Nora, where he is able to keep his imminent death a secret from his close friend Helmer and bar him from visiting him on his deathbed, however reveals the secret to Nora.

14. What is Doctor Rank’s confession to Nora, and how does it change the dynamics among the characters? Doctor Rank’s confession revolves around his love for Nora and he implies that Torvald is not the “only one who would gladly give his life for her sake,” but Doctor Rank too, shares the same feelings and would willingly give up his life for any of Nora’s requests. Doctor
Rank also suggests that Nora can share anything with him and trust him like she “would trust no one else” and was “determined” to confess to Nora before he died. This enforces a great change in the character of Doctor Rank, as we would never expect a man to fall in love with his best friend’s wife. Initially the conversation commences with Nora trying to confide in Doctor Rank about her troubled situation with Krogstad, however after the revelation decides against it. 15. What does Krogstad propose? Krogstad arrives to the house bearing a letter revealing all the truth, which he intends to give to Helmer before Nora intercepts him and requests him to “rip” it up. Instead Krogstad proposes that Nora help convince Helmer to rehire at the bank in a “higher position,” so he can rehabilitate and eventually progress to become the “manager’s right hand.” Nora

disagrees to this proposal and puts up a strong and defensive front as Krogstad consistently insists. 16. What does the reader learn about Nora as she and Krogstad converse? We learn through the conversation that Nora is an individual who will put up a fight till the end in order to protect her family and it’s reputation. Her fear of Torvald finding out has put ideas of running away in her head, however she still stays to fight that Krogstad doesn’t tell her husband till the end. Despite her pleading and insisting, Krogstad pays no heed to her concern about her family and children and drops the letter regarding his position at the bank into their mailbox. All this situations align and Nora’s character is trapped and receives grief from all aspects as she tries to hold her family together. She has bravely concealed the secret from the world and put up a strong front, whereas in the background she is constantly threatened and put in a vulnerable position. This forces the reader to feel sympathetic for her and understand the pressure and turmoil she is put under with all these circumstances occurring around her. 17. What does his conversation with Nora reveal about Krogstad’s character? Why is this bit of exposition important now? The reader learns that Krogstad has had a fairly rough past, which has given him a sinister personality making him insecure and willing to do anything in his control to gain back his reputation in society. Since Krogstad committed the forgery, his position in society has changed and he has been unable to retrieve it. Krogstad states his struggle and “restricted circumstances” to earn back his reputation and exclaims that he was “content to work his way up step by step,” however now due to his dismissal he does not retain the same interests and is will to take the crooked way in order to get to the top and regain his status and standing in the society.

18. How does Krogstad intend to go about his rehabilitation? What is ironic about his plan? Krogstad blackmails Nora to convince Helmer to give him a new position at the bank so he can climb the ladder from there and eventually make it to the right hand of the manager which is currently Torvald’s position. This is ironic because he is being disrespectful in his means to gain back his respect, which shows that nothing has changed about him over the last few years even though he claims to have not committed any dishonorable acts. He is once again committed treachery in order to attain something that he does not deserve.
Furthermore, he is doing what Nora did in the past in order to secure the health of her husband and family without threatening anyone, however Krogstad in order to do the same is aggressive and menacing. 19. What is Mrs. Linde’s plan regarding the letter? Mrs. Linde suggests visiting Krogstad and requesting him to ask for his “letter back unread” and come up with a “pretense” for it. Mrs. Linde is quite sure that Krogstad would accept her request, contrary to Nora’s fear that this plan will work. In the meantime she tells Nora to distract Torvald and keep him busy so he doesn’t go out to check the mailbox. 20. Why would she approach Krogstad to ask for a favor? The fact that Mrs. Linde offers to help Nora out with such matters and approach Krogstad for the favor shows that they have previously had quite an intimate relationship, which is indicative when Mrs. Linde states that “there was a time when he would gladly do anything”

for her sake. Another motive could also be as a form of thanks to Nora for helping her in attaining a position at the bank and convincing Torvald to provide her with a means of work.

21. What does Nora do to distract Helmer from the mail? Nora forcefully makes Helmer play the piano for her so she can practice the dance for the banquet the following night. She begins to dance wildly and violently in order to keep
Helmer’s attention and make it seem as though she does not know the dance so he occupies himself with teaching her instead of tending to other bank related works or reading his mail and replying to letters. She claims to have forgotten the dance and requests Helmer to practice with her and coach her “up to the last minute.” 22. What is the “wonderful thing” Nora refers to? Nora is referring to a miracle, which she is hoping will occur in the next 24 hours before she dances the Tarantella. She is still in denial that Krogstad posted the letter to Helmer and is hoping that he will take it back, or hopes that Helmer will take care of everything that comes his way like he had mentioned earlier. This reaction confirms her fear of the consequences that will arise when Helmer denounces Nora for her fraudulence if he chooses not to bear the blame for it. 23. What does Nora imply at the end of the act? The way Nora counts down the time for the Tarantella to be over and her statement
“thirty­one hours to live” seem as though she is counting down to her death or to the time when Helmer will read the letter sent by Krogstad. This is like a buildup to the dénouement, which can either work in Nora’s favor, or not. Nora is mentally preparing herself for a disaster and destruction of her family and attempts to enjoy her life and whatever remains of it, before things go terribly wrong. 24. How does the structure of Act II contrast to that of Act I in terms of rising action, incident, and character development?
Act II is the climatic Act in this play where several truths are revealed and the suspense accelerated in comparison to Act I that is simply responsible for creating the premise and setting for the play. Similarly, characters are developed more greatly in Act II and more about their personalities revealed through their appearances and actions, allowing readers to instantly gain insight into the direction of the plot due to this. 25. What is the emotional landscape of Act II? Act II appears to be a very blue and gloomy scene where fear is one of the most felt emotions due to the occurrence of certain events and incidents in the plot. Nora usually sets the mood for this Act and her emotions are reflected in the mood and emotional landscape of the Act. The readers experience fear, depression and such moods due to her nature of reaction. 26. How is figurative language used in Act II? Figurative language is vital in the conveyance of any message in the play. The use of metaphors, similes and personification help to enhance the development of the plot and the understanding of character’s personalities throughout the Act, not only creating a more enlivening experience for the readers, but also providing a better insight into the lives of the

characters in the play. 27. What is the significance of the stage directions given when Doctor Rank enters to call on
Nora: “During the following dialogue it begins to grow dark.” The stage directions in during this conversation set the premise for the development of the plot. The fact that is begins to grow dark during the conversation between Doctor Rank and
Nora suggests a sense of deceptiveness or mystery in this conversation. The darkness is usually associated with bad omens or evil and the revelation of Doctor Rank’s imminent death is corroborative to this idea. Furthermore it sets a very intimate atmosphere as he reveals his liking for Nora thus helping the development of the play. It is a very eerie situation before the lamp is brought into the room.

ACT III
1. What exposition is given for the past relationship of Mrs. Linde and Krogstad? Mrs. Linde waits for Krogstad to arrive during the dinner party in order to share the news with him. During this, she refers to him as “Nils” and not “Krogstad,” which suggests a previously comfortable and probably intimate relationship between the two. This is further confirmed when Krogstad calls Mrs. Linde “a heartless woman” for all the pain and sorrow she gave him by leaving him for another “lucrative chance.” Mrs. Linde and Krogstad make up with each other as she says the “two shipwrecked people” should join forces and start a new life together.

2. What idea does Mrs. Linde broach to Krogstad? Mrs. Linde suggests her and Krogstad should get married as she “wants to be a mother to someone” and Krogstad’s “children need a mother.” She states that the two of them, both
“shipwrecked” people need each other and should “join foces.” Mrs. Linde implies that working has been her “greatest and only pleasure” but now she feels “alone” without anyone to work for, hence suggests Krogstad and her should get wed so she has “someone and something to work for.” Through this she will be able to work purposefully and with her placement she can also help Krogstad regain his position and reputation amongst his coworkers and in society.

3. How would a marriage between Mrs. Linde and Krogstad differ from the Helmer marriage, and what literary device is suggested? The marriage between Mrs. Linde and Krogstad would differ from the Helmer marriage on various grounds. Firstly, Mrs. Linde and Krogstad’s marriage would be based on the premise on trust and faith as she states “Nils, I have faith in your real character” unlike the
Helmer marriage, where Nora is troubled of sharing the truth about her past with her husband. Furthermore, Mrs. Linde and Krogstad after having a previous relationship are able to talk about their mistakes of the past and are willing to forgive each other and get back together, despite Krogstad’s fraudulence. This shows that Mrs. Linde truly loves him and “can dare anything together with” him. On the other hand, Nora relies on others to share her secrets with and is unable to observe the same attitude in the case of Helmer.
Furthermore, as of this very moment, Mrs. Linde will be the breadwinner of their household suppose they do get married, which is contradictory to the previously seen perception that the male is the dominant in the society and is supposed to work in order to feed his family.
In this case, there is a role reversal in the marriage of Krogstad and Mrs. Linde as she is the

one who has the reputation to maintain and to provide for the household until Krogstad regains his status in society.

4. Why does Mrs. Linde tell Krogstad to leave his letter in the mailbox for Helmer to read? Mrs. Linde believes that the Helmers lead a very concealed and false life which an inacceptable way of living according to her. Hence she urges Krogstad to leave the letter in the mailbox in order for the “unhappy secret” to be disclosed so Nora and Helmer can have a “complete understanding between them” thereafter. Mrs. Linde feels that Nora’s behavior is displeasing and incorrect for a woman with a status and position like hers.

5. What does the fancy­dress ball symbolize? The fancy­dress ball metaphorically symbolizes concealment and suppression of one’s true self. In this case Nora lies to Helmer about the truth of the funds for his trip to Italy and shelters herself behind various “fisher girl” costumes and puts up a façade to please
Helmer. To date, Helmer enjoys the fancy idea of Nora and has not seen her true personality in the light. Although in society it may be acceptable and perfectly normal for couples to constantly dress up and attend balls and parties, the truth is that there are several secrets concealed behind this pretense in the Helmer household.

6. When Mrs. Linde says Nora “must tell [her] husband all about it,” Nora replies “I knew it.”
What does Nora mean? Nora knew that in the end of it all, no matter how she tried, the revelation of the truth was inevitable and Mrs. Linde too wouldn’t help her out despite her constant pleas and favors she had done for her. Nora has been mentally preparing herself for this despite her constant denial of the fact that Krogstad would never tell Helmer. Nora realizes that she has been in this alone right from the beginning and knows what she must do in order not to drag anyone else down.

7. Why does Ibsen include the scene in which Helmer tries to convince Mrs. Linde to take up embroidery rather than knitting? Due to Torvald’s belief that knitting is a more graceful hobby, he suggests that Mrs. Linde take this up instead of knitting, which he believes is an “ungraceful” hobby. This scene helps to enhance Torvald’s previously seen imposing attitude where he attempts to impose his believes and ideas upon others simply due to his gender or standing in society.

8. What are Helmer’s intentions regarding Nora after the dance? Helmer steals Nora away from the dance quite early because he longs to be alone with her and treasure her, showing her how much he loves her. He considers Nora to be a “beauty” that is all his very own and thinks of her as if he bringing his newly wed bride home for the first time. He wants to make love with Nora and hence brought her home early to spend some alone time and enjoy each other’s company while they have the chance to. Nora does not follow suit and reacts erratically when Helmer attempts to get intimate with her, baffling him and forcing him to ask her “am I not your husband?”

9. How does Ibsen emphasize Helmer’s tendency to reshape the world according to his own emotional needs? Ibsen shows Helmer constantly imposing his ideas and beliefs on other character’s in the play in order to ensure that everything runs as per his liking and understanding and his wants and needs rather than to what others deserve or need. From imposing his rules on
Nora and removing her from the dinner party as soon as her performance was over, simply due to his belief that “an exit should be well timed” to suggesting that Mrs. Linde embroider instead of knit as he believes that embroidery is a more graceful hobby and hence is willing to impose this on others in order to reshape reality to corroborate with his ideas and beliefs and emotional needs. 10. What are Nora and Doctor Rank referring to when they talk about Doctor Rank’s well­spent day and his scientific investigations? Nora and Doctor Rank are referred to the examinations and tests conducted on Doctor
Rank in order to determine the impact of his illness and his short­lived future. On this day,
Doctor Rank has learned a significant deal of information about his short­lived life. 11. What does Doctor Rank mean when he says he will be invisible at the next ball? Doctor Rank does not state his death specifically as he does not want Helmer to know about his looming death. Hence, satirically states that he will dress up as an invisible man at the next ball when he knows that he will truly be invisible due to his perish. 12. When Nora and Helmer are discussing Doctor Rank’s impending death, what is the significance of Nora’s comments: “If it has to happen, it is best it should be without a word—don’t you think so, Torvald?” This comment is significant because it shows that Nora wants to save Doctor Rank’s reputation and avoid and disrepute to his name due to his crippling disease after his death.
Hence, she says that it is best he should die without anyone knowing its reason or cause.
This is quite ironic as this seems to be applicable in Nora’s case too as her reputation can be very tarnished when Helmer finds out about the borrowing of money and the forgery, hence insinuates how she would want Helmer to react “without a word” in such a case.

13. What literary device is Ibsen using when he has Helmer say, “Do you know, Nora, I have often wished that you might be threatened by some great danger, so that I might risk my life’s blood, and everything, for your sake”? The device used by Ibsen is dramatic irony as Helmer states that he would risk his life and everything for Nora, however he would never do anything that would tarnish his reputation even if it were to save Nora. This is further ironic because due to the previous development of the play, the audience has learned that Nora has put everything in her life on stake in order to save and protect Helmer, and Helmer does not realize that, proving his ungratefulness for her part in his life. This shows that Helmer lives in a self­absorbed world where he doesn’t value the efforts of others who have tried to help and protect him throughout his life.

14. What is symbolic about the key to the letterbox? The key is symbolic of the placement of power in the Helmer household. Torvald has possession of the key and is the sole person to access the letterbox; metaphorically he too is in control of the house. The key could also be the key to unlocking her freedom, which is trapped in their letterbox in the form of Krogstad’s letter. These symbols are used to enhance the play and leave a lasting effect on the reader when they understand the true meaning and usage of the symbol. The key particularly foreshadows Nora’s breakthrough from her husband’s shackles.

15. Why does Nora want Helmer to read his letters? Nora wants Helmer to read his letters so he can learn about the fraud she has committed and the fact that she borrowed money from Krogstad immediately as the wait and suspense is killing her. She is becoming impatient and cannot handle apprehension any longer.

16. What is Nora’s emotional state while Helmer is reading the letter? Nora is initially anxious when she thinks of Helmer reading the letter and she begins fidgeting with Helmer’s domino. After that she realizes that Helmer is actually reading letter during this time and accepts the fact that she will never get to see her children or husband again. She behaves sporadically and runs to the door in order to leave before she has to face Helmer.

17. What is Helmer’s attitude toward Nora upon reading Krogstad’s letter? When Helmer first approaches Nora after reading Krogstad’s letter, he is furious and seems troubled by what he has read. He calls Nora a “miserable creature” and accuses him of
“destroying all his happiness” and “ruining his future.” He exclaims that Nora, who used to be his “joy and pride,” has turned out to be “a hypocrite, a liar” and “a criminal.” He is extremely insolent to Nora after receiving this news after she refuses to explain her motive behind her past actions.

18. What is the significance of Helmer’s dismissal of Nora’s statement, “When I am out of the way, you will be free”? Helmer dismisses Nora’s statement, as he doesn’t believe that by Nora leaving he will be free. In relation to his previous analogy about parents poisoning family and their children with lies and untruthfulness, Ibsen manages to reiterate this analogy with subtlety once again when Nora speaks about leaving her house and family behind after committing her deeds. Furthermore, Helmer is scared that his reputation will get ruined if this news is revealed to the society, forcing everyone to believe that he prompted Nora to commit these actions and he was party to the secret. Hence, to avoid this from occurring and his reputation being tarnished in society, he has decided to dismiss her notion to leave the house and her past behind. 19. What is Helmer’s plan for the future? Helmer intends to “hush” the matter at any cost in order to avoid anyone from finding out about the truth and chooses to make everything “appear” “just as before” between the two

of them. This façade however will only be put up for the “eyes of the world” and Nora will still remain in the Helmer household, living in an exemplary solitary confinement as she has been distrusted with her children by Helmer and will be unable to live her life as before.
Through this, we understand that all Helmer is concerned about is his appearance and standing in society and the value of this represented through his constant aggravation and concern. Helmer claims Nora hereafter to be his “little scared, helpless darling,” depriving her of any say or anxiety in important matters and decisions which concern both members of the household. Technically, Helmer is divesting Nora of the normalcy in her life and making her his puppet.

20. What is Helmer’s reaction when a letter is hand­delivered? How does the audience know what is enclosed in the letter? Helmer is extremely happy and exclaims that they both “are saved.” Through this, the audience instantly understands that Krogstad has sent a letter to the Helmer household, bearing the forged bonds and an apology for his previous letter. Due to Helmer’s reaction, the audience is able to decipher the contents of the letter and its sender. Overall, Helmer is the happiest as this means his reputation at the bank and in society is going to remain untarnished. 21. What would the audience expect at this point if
A Doll’s House followed the strict guidelines of the well­made play? If this was a well­made play, the audience would suppose that ‘A Doll’s House’ would end with a resolution of the conflict which is occurring between Nora and Helmer, eventually leading to a stereotypical happy ending with a happy family after the turning point. However, the audience learns that after the resolution of the conflict, Nora sheds light onto another point, leading to more conflict between the two, continuing to develop the suspense and climatic scene of the play. 22. What is the importance of Nora’s question about whether she, too, is saved? Nora’s question shows her concern about whether she has been redeemed in Torvald’s eyes after he previously denounces her about her wrongful deeds. This also may hint that she wants to be free and independent and if she is saved, this will not be the case as she will continue to live under Torvald’s shadow as his puppet.

23. What caused Krogstad to return the bond? Krogstad chose to return the bond and mentions in his letter that due to a happy change he has decided to do so. The audience knows due to previous conversation between Mrs.
Linde and Nora that this happy change is the return of Mrs. Linde into Krogstad’s life. He is now a changed man as he has got what he has wanted, a mother for his children and someone to love and live for that he does not need to hold on to the wrongful past and mistakes. 24. What kind of figurative language does Helmer use in describing Nora’s place in their home after the threat of exposure is over and the bond is burned? Helmer uses similes and metaphors as a form of figurative language when conversing with
Nora after the letter reveals the threat of exposure is over and their family is saved. He

states that he will protect Nora “like a hunted dove” that needs saving from a “hawk’s claws.” Helmer pretends to be Nora’s hero, when truly in reality it is Nora who is the real hero saving Helmer and curing him from his chronic disease. This simile foreshadows
Nora’s future in the house and the entrapment she will face like before being Torvald’s little puppet. However, Nora seems quite unwilling to continue living under this fear and threat and hence is beginning to dissent from her expected behavior.

25. What is Helmer’s reaction when Nora initiates a “serious conversation”? Helmer is appalled when Nora initiates “serious conversation” and exclaims that they have never really had an intimate conversation since their marriage and that she has been imposed under his opinions and thoughts. Helmer accuses Nora of being “unreasonable” and “ungrateful” for her marriage to him, and tells her that it would be of “no help” for him to share his business matters with her. Nora refutes this argument and approaches the topic generally saying that together as a couple, they have “sat down in earnest together to try to get at the bottom of anything.”

26. What is Nora saying when she introduces the image of herself as a doll?

27. What is Helmer’s reaction to Nora’s statement that he treats her as a doll?

28. What does this show about Helmer’s understanding of Nora?

29. What is Helmer’s reaction to Nora’s decision to leave him?

30. What is the significance of the following speech by Nora?
“I believe that before all else I am a reasonable human being, just as you are—or at all events, that I must try and become one. I know quite well, Torvald, that most people would think you right, and that views of that kind are to be found in books; but I can no longer content myself with what most people say, or with what is found in books. I must think over things for myself and get to understand them.”

31. What does Nora mean when she says she lost her love for her husband “when the wonderful thing did not happen?”

32. What would Nora require before she would return to her husband? Nora believes that before she returns to her husband or her family, she “must think over things” for herself and understand people say as she is “no longer content” in living the life that is seen or accepted in books. She says that she must “try and become” a reasonable human being before she is ready to return to her old life.

33. Why does Nora change her clothes before leaving?

34. Why is this play more effective because it is set at the New Year than it would be if it were set at Valentine’s Day or some other holiday?